{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T14:41:36Z","timestamp":1772894496810,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]],"date-time":"2022-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health (Ricerca Corrente)","award":["PNR 2015-2020 ARS01_01163 PerMedNet\u2014CUP B66G18000220005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNR 2015-2020 ARS01_01163 PerMedNet\u2014CUP B66G18000220005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) in migraine could be related to inflammatory and antioxidant events. The aim of this study is to verify whether migraine patients with WMHs carry a genetic pro-inflammatory\/pro-oxidative status. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed lymphotoxin alpha (LTA; rs2071590T and rs2844482G) and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1; rs2234694C) and 2 (SOD2; rs4880T) gene polymorphisms (SNPs) in 370 consecutive patients affected by episodic (EM; n = 251) and chronic (CM; n = 119) migraine and in unrelated healthy controls (n = 100). Brain magnetic resonance was available in 183\/370 patients. The results obtained show that genotypes and allele frequencies for all tested SNPs did not differ between patients and controls. No association was found between single SNPs or haplotypes and sex, migraine type, cardiovascular risk factors or disorders. Conversely, the LTA rs2071590T (OR = 2.2) and the SOD1 rs2234694C (OR = 4.9) alleles were both associated with WMHs. A four-loci haplotype (TGCT haplotype: rs2071590T\/rs2844482G\/rs2234694C\/rs4880T) was significantly more frequent in migraineurs with WMHs (7 of 38) compared to those without WMHs (4 of 134; OR = 8.7). We may, therefore, conclude by suggesting that that an imbalance between pro-inflammatory\/pro-oxidative and antioxidant events in genetically predisposed individuals may influence the development of WMHs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232213781","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]],"date-time":"2022-11-10T01:48:08Z","timestamp":1668044888000},"page":"13781","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Association of LTA and SOD Gene Polymorphisms with Cerebral White Matter Hyperintensities in Migraine Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9877-8712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrizia","family":"Ferroni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interinstitutional Multidisciplinary Biobank (BioBIM), IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9401-7377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raffaele","family":"Palmirotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriella","family":"Egeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Headache and Pain Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00163 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2658-2243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cinzia","family":"Aurilia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Headache and Pain Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00163 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Giovanna","family":"Valente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interinstitutional Multidisciplinary Biobank (BioBIM), IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Spila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Pierallini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00163 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piero","family":"Barbanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Headache and Pain Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00163 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fiorella","family":"Guadagni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interinstitutional Multidisciplinary Biobank (BioBIM), IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS) (2018). 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