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Cell therapies using various iPSC-derived cell types are now evolving rapidly for the treatment of clinical diseases, including Parkinson\u2019s disease, hematological diseases, cardiomyopathy, osteoarthritis, and retinal diseases. Since the first interventional clinical trial with autologous iPSC-derived retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPEs) for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) was accomplished in Japan, several preclinical trials using iPSC suspensions or monolayers have been launched, or are ongoing or completed. The evolution and generation of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-universal iPSCs may facilitate the clinical application of iPSC-based therapies. Thus, iPSCs hold great promise in the treatment of multiple retinal diseases. The efficacy and adverse effects of iPSC-based retinal therapies should be carefully assessed in ongoing and further clinical trials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232213794","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]],"date-time":"2022-11-10T01:48:08Z","timestamp":1668044888000},"page":"13794","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Pluripotent Stem Cells in Clinical Cell Transplantation: Focusing on Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived RPE Cell Therapy in Age-Related Macular Degeneration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Yi-Ping","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung 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