{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T21:40:38Z","timestamp":1793914838599,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":135,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]],"date-time":"2022-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation","award":["075-15-2021-951"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["075-15-2021-951"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Osteoarthritis (OA) affects over 250 million people worldwide and despite various existing treatment strategies still has no cure. It is a multifactorial disease characterized by cartilage loss and low-grade synovial inflammation. Focusing on these two targets together could be the key to developing currently missing disease-modifying OA drugs (DMOADs). This review aims to discuss the latest cell-free techniques applied in cartilage tissue regeneration, since they can provide a more controllable approach to inflammation management than the cell-based ones. Scaffolds, extracellular vesicles, and nanocarriers can be used to suppress inflammation, but they can also act as immunomodulatory agents. This is consistent with the latest tissue engineering paradigm, postulating a moderate, controllable inflammatory reaction to be beneficial for tissue remodeling and successful regeneration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232213796","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]],"date-time":"2022-11-10T01:48:08Z","timestamp":1668044888000},"page":"13796","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Targeting Inflammation and Regeneration: Scaffolds, Extracellular Vesicles, and Nanotechnologies as Cell-Free Dual-Target Therapeutic Strategies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9429-6997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Peshkova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"World-Class Research Center \u201cDigital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare\u201d, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Smart Nanotechnologies, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nastasia","family":"Kosheleva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Smart Nanotechnologies, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"FSBSI Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasia","family":"Shpichka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World-Class Research Center \u201cDigital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare\u201d, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Smart Nanotechnologies, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefka","family":"Radenska-Lopovok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical Morphology and Digital Pathology, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4221-9882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dmitry","family":"Telyshev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Systems, National Research University of Electronic Technology, 124498 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Institute of Bionic Technologies and Engineering, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2202-8149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexey","family":"Lychagin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Smart Nanotechnologies, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Traumatology, Orthopedics and Disaster Surgery, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangzhou","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, 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Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"464","article-title":"Plasminogen modulation of IL-1-stimulated degradation in bovine and human articular cartilage explants. 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