{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:58:25Z","timestamp":1785805105897,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]],"date-time":"2022-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Southern Queensland Research and Innovation Division","award":["SRF-09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SRF-09"]}]},{"name":"Pacific Biotechnology (previously MBD Industries Ltd) Research and Development program","award":["SRF-09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SRF-09"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Macroalgae produce compounds with industrial, pharmaceutical and nutritional applications. In this study, biomass from the freshwater macroalgal genus Oedogonium was grown in either treated municipal wastewater (M) or ash dam water from a coal-fired power station (D). The biomass was investigated for its metabolic responses in high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-fed rats, a model of human metabolic syndrome. The Oedogonium biomass cultured in M contained higher amounts of K, Mg, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), insoluble fibre and \u03b2-carotene, while biomass grown in D contained higher amounts of Al, Fe, V, Zn, Mn and As. Biomass from M further increased body weight and inflammation in the heart and colon in high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-fed rats. In contrast, biomass from D prevented changes in metabolic, cardiovascular and liver parameters without changing tissue histology. We suggest that increased intake of metals and metalloids through macroalgal biomass from D may decrease abdominal fat deposition while polysaccharides, PUFA and carotenoids from M may improve blood glucose responses in an obesogenic diet. Thus, macroalgal biomass grown in different wastewater sources could be acceptable for feed or food applications. This biomass could even provide potential health benefits in diet-induced metabolic syndrome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232213811","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]],"date-time":"2022-11-10T01:48:08Z","timestamp":1668044888000},"page":"13811","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Freshwater Macroalgae, Oedogonium, Grown in Wastewater Reduce Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5464-3376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sunil K.","family":"Panchal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia"},{"name":"School of Science, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naga K. R.","family":"Ghattamaneni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3141-8544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie","family":"Magnusson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Te Aka M\u0101tuatua\u2014School of Science, University of Waikato, Tauranga 3112, New Zealand"},{"name":"College of Marine & Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Cole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine & Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine & Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Neveux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine & Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia"},{"name":"Pacific Biotechnologies Australia Pty Ltd., James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7837-991X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lindsay","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9275-1535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas A.","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD 4558, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-020-02256-4","article-title":"Saved by seaweeds: Phyconomic contributions in times of crises","volume":"33","author":"Mouritsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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