{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T22:36:59Z","timestamp":1792276619786,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":197,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]],"date-time":"2022-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Targeting specific pathologic pro-inflammatory cytokines or related molecules leads to excellent therapeutic effects in inflammatory arthritis, including rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and psoriatic arthritis. Most of these agents, known as biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs), are produced in live cell lines and are usually monoclonal antibodies. Several types of monoclonal antibodies target different pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1, interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-6, and IL-23\/12. Some bDMARDs, such as rituximab and abatacept, target specific cell-surface molecules to control the inflammatory response. The therapeutic effects of these bDMARDs differ in different forms of inflammatory arthritis and are associated with different adverse events. In this article, we summarize the therapeutic utility and adverse effects of bDMARDs and suggest future research directions for developing bDMARDs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232213913","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T02:29:32Z","timestamp":1668392972000},"page":"13913","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Therapeutic Utility and Adverse Effects of Biologic Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs in Inflammatory Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1147-1046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong Ki","family":"Min","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul 05030, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Se Hee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul 05030, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1911-6236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hae-Rim","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang-Heon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3761","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22190","article-title":"Presence of significant synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis patients with disease-modifying antirheumatic drug-induced clinical remission: Evidence from an imaging study may explain structural progression","volume":"54","author":"Brown","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R825","DOI":"10.1186\/ar1751","article-title":"Characterization of histopathology and gene-expression profiles of synovitis in early rheumatoid arthritis using targeted biopsy specimens","volume":"7","author":"Tsubaki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. 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