{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T13:29:29Z","timestamp":1788960569532,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]],"date-time":"2022-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010211","name":"Education Department of Jilin Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JJKH20201115KJ"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JJKH20201115KJ"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010211","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010211","name":"Education Department of Jilin Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JJKH20211218KJ"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JJKH20211218KJ"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010211","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010211","name":"Education Department of Jilin Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JJKH20201115KJ"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JJKH20201115KJ"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010211","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010211","name":"Education Department of Jilin Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JJKH20211218KJ"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JJKH20211218KJ"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010211","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is considered to be the main cause of adult tooth loss. Diabetes mellitus (DM) has a bidirectional relationship with periodontitis. Interleukin-1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2) is an important pre-inflammatory factor, which participates in the pathophysiological process of periodontitis and diabetes. The interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) is a natural inhibitor of IL-1, and the balance between IL-1ra and IL-1\u03b2 is one of the main factors affecting chronic periodontitis (CP) and diabetes. The purpose of this study is to develop a drug carrier that is safe and nontoxic and can effectively release IL-1ra, which can effectively slow down the inflammation of periodontal tissues with diabetes, and explore the possibility of lowering the blood sugar of this drug carrier. Therefore, in this experiment, a temperature-sensitive hydrogel loaded with IL-1ra was prepared and characterized, and its anti-inflammatory effect in high-sugar environments in vivo and in vitro was evaluated. The results showed that the hydrogel could gel after 5 min at 37 \u00b0C, the pore size was 5\u201370 \u03bcm, and the cumulative release of IL-1ra reached 83.23% on the 21st day. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) showed that the expression of IL-1\u03b2, Interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1) inflammatory factors decreased after the treatment with IL-1ra-loaded thermosensitive hydrogel. Histological evaluation and micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) showed that IL-1ra-loaded thermosensitive hydrogel could effectively inhibit periodontal inflammation and reduce alveolar bone absorption in rats with diabetic periodontitis. It is worth mentioning that this hydrogel also plays a role in relieving hyperglycemia. Therefore, the temperature-sensitive hydrogel loaded with IL-1ra may be an effective method to treat periodontitis with diabetes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232213939","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T02:29:32Z","timestamp":1668392972000},"page":"13939","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Treatment of Periodontal Inflammation in Diabetic Rats with IL-1ra Thermosensitive Hydrogel"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Yue","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Tsinghua Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun 130021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Tsinghua Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun 130021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Tsinghua Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun 130021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingyuan","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Tsinghua Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun 130021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Tsinghua Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun 130021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Si","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Tsinghua Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun 130021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1007\/s10528-018-9899-9","article-title":"Screening of Genetic Factor in the Interaction between Periodontitis and Metabolic Traits Using Candidate Gene Association Study (CGAS)","volume":"57","author":"Moon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochem. 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