{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T10:56:23Z","timestamp":1771671383807,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,12]],"date-time":"2022-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korea Health Technology R&amp;D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI), funded by the Ministry of Health &amp; Welfare, Republic of Korea","award":["HI15C0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HI15C0001"]}]},{"name":"Korea Health Technology R&amp;D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI), funded by the Ministry of Health &amp; Welfare, Republic of Korea","award":["2020R1A2C1004131"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1A2C1004131"]}]},{"name":"Korea Health Technology R&amp;D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI), funded by the Ministry of Health &amp; Welfare, Republic of Korea","award":["2022R1A4A10189001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R1A4A10189001"]}]},{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIT)","award":["HI15C0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HI15C0001"]}]},{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIT)","award":["2020R1A2C1004131"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1A2C1004131"]}]},{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIT)","award":["2022R1A4A10189001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R1A4A10189001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ultrafine particulate matter with less than 2.5 \u03bcm diameter (PM2.5) is an air pollutant that causes severe lung damage. Currently, effective treatment and preventive methods for PM2.5-induced lung damage are limited. Cirsilineol (CSL) is a small natural compound isolated from Artemisia vestita. In this study, the efficacy of CSL on PM2.5-induced lung toxicity was tested, and its mechanism was identified. Lung injury was caused by intratracheal administration of PM2.5 suspension in animal models. Two days after PM2.5 pretreatment, CSL was injected via mouse tail vein for two days. The effects of CSL on PM2.5-induced lung damage, autophagy, apoptosis, and pulmonary inflammation in a mouse model and their mechanisms were investigated. CSL significantly suppressed histological lung damage and lung wet\/dry weight proportion. CSL also significantly reduced PM2.5-induced autophagy dysfunction, apoptosis, lymphocyte suppression, and inflammatory cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF). Furthermore, CSL increased mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation and significantly inhibited the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLR) 2 and 4, MyD88, and the autophagy proteins, Beclin1 and LC3II. Thus, CSL exerts protective effects on pulmonary damage by regulating mTOR and TLR2,4\u2013myD88 autophagy pathways. Therefore, CSL can be used as an effective treatment for PM2.5-induced lung damage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232213948","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T02:29:32Z","timestamp":1668392972000},"page":"13948","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Cirsilineol Treatment Attenuates PM2.5-Induced Lung Injury in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Chaeyeong","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Go Oun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5756-9367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jong-Sup","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"2503","article-title":"The influence of PM2.5 on lung injury and cytokines in mice","volume":"18","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. 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