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The present study encompasses 160 severely obese patients, 81 of whom participated in an LCD program, whereas 79 underwent RYGB surgery. The post-interventional dynamics of physiologically relevant adipokines and hepatokines (ANGPTL4, CCL5, GDF15, GPNMB, IGFBP6), as well as their correlation with fat mass reduction and improvement of liver fibrosis, were analyzed. Systemic GDF15 was characterized as an excellent predictive marker for hepatic fibrosis as well as type 2 diabetes mellitus. Of note, baseline GDF15 serum concentrations were positively correlated with NFS and HbA1c levels after correction for BMI, suggesting GDF15 as a BMI-independent marker of hepatic fibrosis and T2D in obese individuals. Specific GDF15 cut-off values for both diseases were calculated. Overall, the present data demonstrate that circulating levels of specific adipokines and hepatokines are regulated with therapy-induced fat loss and metabolic improvement and might, therefore, serve as biomarkers for the success of obesity therapy strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232214020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T02:29:32Z","timestamp":1668392972000},"page":"14020","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Circulating Adipokines and Hepatokines Serve as Diagnostic Markers during Obesity Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4054-1971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Schmid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III, Giessen University Hospital, Klinikstr. 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Arians","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Justus Liebig University, Klinikstr. 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Burg-Roderfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hochschulen Fresenius GmbH, University of Applied Sciences, 65510 Idstein, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Karrasch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III, Giessen University Hospital, Klinikstr. 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Sch\u00e4ffler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III, Giessen University Hospital, Klinikstr. 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3232-1277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Roderfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Justus Liebig University, Klinikstr. 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5739-5400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elke","family":"Roeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Justus Liebig University, Klinikstr. 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-48382-5_1","article-title":"The definition and prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome","volume":"960","author":"Engin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. 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