{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T15:59:12Z","timestamp":1792166352358,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education and Science for Jagiellonian University","award":["N18\/DBS\/000006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N18\/DBS\/000006"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education and Science for Jagiellonian University","award":["SUB-020002-D015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SUB-020002-D015"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education and Science to the University of Agriculture","award":["N18\/DBS\/000006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N18\/DBS\/000006"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education and Science to the University of Agriculture","award":["SUB-020002-D015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SUB-020002-D015"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent studies have clearly shown that vitamin D3 is a crucial regulator of the female reproductive process in humans and animals. Knowledge of the expression of vitamin D3 receptors and related molecules in the female reproductive organs such as ovaries, uterus, oviduct, or placenta under physiological and pathological conditions highlights its contribution to the proper function of the reproductive system in females. Furthermore, vitamin D3 deficiency leads to serious reproductive disturbances and pathologies including ovarian cysts. Although the influence of vitamin D3 on the reproductive processes of humans and rodents has been extensively described, the association between vitamin D3 and female reproductive function in farm animals, birds, and fish has rarely been summarized. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of vitamin D3 in the reproductive system of those animals, with special attention paid to the expression of vitamin D3 receptors and its metabolic molecules. This updated information could be essential for better understanding animal physiology and overcoming the incidence of infertility, which is crucial for optimizing reproductive outcomes in female livestock.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232214137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T04:39:03Z","timestamp":1668573543000},"page":"14137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["An Overview of the Current Known and Unknown Roles of Vitamin D3 in the Female Reproductive System: Lessons from Farm Animals, Birds, and Fish"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2972-1755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malgorzata","family":"Grzesiak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelina","family":"Tchurzyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2466-8542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Socha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8377-7100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrzej","family":"Sechman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2290-7880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Hrabia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1306301","article-title":"Hormonal regulation of female reproduction","volume":"44","author":"Christensen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Horm. Metab. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/peu008","article-title":"Ovarian follicle selection and granulosa cell differentiation","volume":"94","author":"Johnson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Poult. 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