{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T22:28:58Z","timestamp":1785796138374,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease depending on the buildup, called plaque, of lipoproteins, cholesterol, extracellular matrix elements, and various types of immune and non-immune cells on the artery walls. Plaque development and growth lead to the narrowing of the blood vessel lumen, blocking blood flow, and eventually may lead to plaque burst and a blood clot. The prominent cellular components of atherosclerotic plaque are the foam cells, which, by trying to remove lipoprotein and cholesterol surplus, also participate in plaque development and rupture. Although the common knowledge is that the foam cells derive from macrophages, studies of the last decade clearly showed that macrophages are not the only cells able to form foam cells in atherosclerotic plaque. These findings give a new perspective on atherosclerotic plaque formation and composition and define new targets for anti-foam cell therapies for atherosclerosis prevention. This review gives a concise description of foam cells of different pedigrees and describes the main mechanisms participating in their formation and function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232214154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]],"date-time":"2022-11-17T03:05:21Z","timestamp":1668654321000},"page":"14154","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Macrophage-, Dendritic-, Smooth Muscle-, Endothelium-, and Stem Cells-Derived Foam Cells in Atherosclerosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5192-8584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malgorzata","family":"Kloc","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplant Immunology, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Department of Genetics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2772-5127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacek Z.","family":"Kubiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dynamics and Mechanics of Epithelia Group, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes, University of Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6290, 35043 Rennes, France"},{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafik M.","family":"Ghobrial","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplant Immunology, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03392-8","article-title":"The changing landscape of atherosclerosis","volume":"592","author":"Libby","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2927","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02927","article-title":"Lysophosphatidylcholine Induces NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Foam Cell Formation and Pyroptosis in Human Monocytes and Endothelial Cells","volume":"10","author":"Silva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. 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