{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T01:51:28Z","timestamp":1792633888722,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["813839"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["813839"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) injected intravenously are trapped in the capillaries of the lungs and die within the first 24 h. Studying the biodistribution and fate of labelled therapeutic cells in the 3D pulmonary context is important to understand their function in this organ and gain insights into their mechanisms of action. Optical tissue clearing enables volumetric cell tracking at single-cell resolution. Thus, we compared three optical tissue-clearing protocols (Clear, Unobstructed Brain\/Body Imaging Cocktails and Computational analysis (CUBIC), modified stabilised 3D imaging of solvent-cleared organs (s-DISCO) and ethyl cinnamate (ECi)) to evaluate their potential to track the biodistribution of human umbilical cord MSCs expressing the tdTomato fluorescence reporter and investigate how they interact with host cells in the mouse lung. The results showed that although CUBIC clearing is the only method that enables direct imaging of fluorescently labelled MSCs, combining s-DISCO or ECi with immunofluorescence or dye labelling allows the interaction of MSCs with endothelial and immune cells to be studied. Overall, this comparative study offers guidance on selecting an optical tissue-clearing method for cell tracking applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232214171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]],"date-time":"2022-11-17T03:05:21Z","timestamp":1668654321000},"page":"14171","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Optical Tissue Clearing to Study the Intra-Pulmonary Biodistribution of Intravenously Delivered Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Their Interactions with Host Lung Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Alejandra Hernandez","family":"Pichardo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK"},{"name":"Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3868-2348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Amadeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK"},{"name":"Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bettina","family":"Wilm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK"},{"name":"Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5728-0531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rapha\u00ebl","family":"L\u00e9vy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, LVTS, Universit\u00e9 Sorbonne Paris Nord, F-75018 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Ressel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Anatomy Physiology and Pathology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK"},{"name":"Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6384-8381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Violaine","family":"S\u00e9e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS UMR 5305, Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory (LBTI), University Claude Bernard Lyon1, 69007 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1159\/000345615","article-title":"Introduction to Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine","volume":"85","author":"Kolios","year":"2013","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1002\/sctm.19-0073","article-title":"Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Anno 2019: Dawn of the Therapeutic Era? 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