{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T00:04:49Z","timestamp":1776470689979,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Leo Pharma"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Systemic treatment with hedgehog inhibitors (HHis) is available to treat basal cell carcinomas but their utility is limited by adverse effects. Topical delivery methods may reduce adverse effects, but successful topical treatment depends on sufficient skin uptake, biological response, and time in tumor tissue. The aim of this review was to evaluate the current status of topical HHi delivery for BCCs and discuss barriers for translating systemic HHis into topical treatments. A literature search identified 16 preclinical studies and 7 clinical trials on the topical delivery of 12 HHis that have been clinically tested on BCCs. Preclinical studies on drug uptake demonstrated that novel formulations, and delivery- and pre-treatment techniques enhanced topical HHi delivery. Murine studies showed that the topical delivery of sonidegib, itraconazole, vitamin D\u2083 and CUR-61414 led to biological responses and tumor remission. In clinical trials, only topical patidegib and sonidegib led to at least a partial response in 26\/86 BCCs and 30\/34 patients, respectively. However, histological clearance was not observed in the samples analyzed. In conclusion, the incomplete clinical response could be due to poor HHi uptake, biodistribution or biological response over time. Novel topical delivery techniques may improve HHi delivery, but additional research on cutaneous pharmacokinetics and biological response is needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232214191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]],"date-time":"2022-11-17T03:05:21Z","timestamp":1668654321000},"page":"14191","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Topical Delivery of Hedgehog Inhibitors: Current Status and Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9994-7848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristian K\u00e5ber","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Helena","family":"H\u00f8yer-Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biomedicine, LEO Pharma A\/S, 2750 Ballerup, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6068-901X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Litman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biomedicine, LEO Pharma A\/S, 2750 Ballerup, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1250-2035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Merete","family":"H\u00e6dersdal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4578-684X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Uffe H\u00f8gh","family":"Olesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1708701","article-title":"Update on Keratinocyte Carcinomas","volume":"379","author":"Nehal","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. 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