{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:43:00Z","timestamp":1787067780579,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]],"date-time":"2022-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000104","name":"NASA Space Biology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNX15AB43G"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNX15AB43G"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000104","name":"NASA Space Biology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54HD087101-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54HD087101-05"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NIH\/NICHD","award":["NNX15AB43G"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNX15AB43G"]}]},{"name":"NIH\/NICHD","award":["U54HD087101-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54HD087101-05"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Considering the imminence of long-term space travel, it is necessary to investigate the impact of space microgravity (SPC-\u00b5G) in order to determine if this environment has consequences on the astronauts\u2019 health, in particular, neural and cognitive functions. Neural stem cells (NSCs) are the basis for the regeneration of the central nervous system (CNS) cell populations and learning how weightlessness impacts NSCs in health and disease provides a critical tool for the potential mitigation of specific mechanisms leading to neurological disorders. In previous studies, we found that exposure to SPC-\u00b5G resulted in enhanced proliferation, a shortened cell cycle, and a larger cell diameter of NSCs compared to control cells. Here, we report the frequent occurrence of abnormal cell division (ACD) including incomplete cell division (ICD), where cytokinesis is not successfully completed, and multi-daughter cell division (MDCD) of NSCs following SPC-\u00b5G as well as secretome exposure compared to ground control (1G) NSCs. These findings provide new insights into the potential health implications of space travel and have far-reaching implications for understanding the mechanisms leading to the deleterious effects of long-term space travel as well as potential carcinogenic susceptibility. Knowledge of these mechanisms could help to develop preventive or corrective measures for successful long-term SPC-\u00b5G exposure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232214320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T02:52:21Z","timestamp":1668999141000},"page":"14320","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Space Microgravity Alters Neural Stem Cell Division: Implications for Brain Cancer Research on Earth and in Space"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Sophia","family":"Shaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, The University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Carpo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, The University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, The University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Cepeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, The University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Araceli","family":"Espinosa-Jeffrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, The University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00017.2016","article-title":"Spaceflight-Induced Intracranial Hypertension and Visual Impairment: Pathophysiology and Countermeasures","volume":"98","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiol. 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