{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T09:54:05Z","timestamp":1762077245521,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hypertension increases arterial stiffness, leading to dysfunction and structural changes in the left atrium (LA) and left ventricle (LV). However, the effects of hypertension on the right atrium (RA) and the right ventricle are still not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to clarify whether there is an interaction not only in the left ventricular system but also in the right ventricular system in hypertensive patients with preserved LV ejection fraction. The current retrospective observational study included patients (n = 858) with some risk of metabolic abnormalities (hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia) who had visited our hospital and undergone echocardiography between 2015 and 2018. Among them, we retrospectively studied 165 consecutive hypertensive patients with preserved LV ejection fraction who had echocardiography performed on the same day as a cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) in our hospital. The phasic function of both atria was evaluated by two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography. CAVI was measured using Vasela 1500 (Fukuda Denshi\u00ae). In the univariate analysis, CAVI was significantly correlated with LA and RA conduit function (LA conduit function, r = \u22120.448, p = 0.0001; RA conduit function, r = \u22120.231, p = 0.003). A multivariate regression analysis revealed that LA and RA conduit function was independently associated with CAVI (LA, t = \u22125.418, p = 0.0001; RA, t = \u22122.113, p = 0.036). CAVI showed a possibility that the association between heart and vessels are contained from not only LA phasic function but also RA phasic function in hypertensive patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232214469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T02:59:22Z","timestamp":1669085962000},"page":"14469","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Cardio-Vascular Interaction Evaluated by Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography and Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index in Hypertensive Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2077-5244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsuyoshi","family":"Tabata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Functional Physiology, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, 564-1 Shimoshizu, Sakura 285-8741, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuji","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, 564-1 Shimoshizu, Sakura 285-8741, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruiko","family":"Ohno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, 564-1 Shimoshizu, Sakura 285-8741, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Iwakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, 564-1 Shimoshizu, Sakura 285-8741, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hajime","family":"Kiyokawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, 564-1 Shimoshizu, Sakura 285-8741, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yukihiro","family":"Morinaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Functional Physiology, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, 564-1 Shimoshizu, Sakura 285-8741, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naoaki","family":"Tanji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Functional Physiology, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, 564-1 Shimoshizu, Sakura 285-8741, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshio","family":"Kinoshita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Functional Physiology, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, 564-1 Shimoshizu, Sakura 285-8741, Chiba, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, 564-1 Shimoshizu, Sakura 285-8741, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9896-0939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, 564-1 Shimoshizu, Sakura 285-8741, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2850","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.655688","article-title":"The Cardiovascular Disease Continuum Validated: Clinical Evidence of Improved Patient Outcomes","volume":"114","author":"Dzau","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.162446","article-title":"Cardiovascular outcomes in Framingham participants with diabetes the importance of blood pressure","volume":"57","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.13.101","article-title":"A noble blood pressure-independent arterial wall stiffness parameter; cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI)","volume":"13","author":"Shirai","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. 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