{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T06:00:45Z","timestamp":1783144845011,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]],"date-time":"2022-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) The co-occurrence of AQP4 and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies in patients with demyelinating disorders is extremely rare. In addition, a concomitant involvement of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) has been described either in association with AQP4 antibodies-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), or MOG-associated disease. We report on a case of NMOSD with co-occurrence of AQP4 and MOG antibodies and concomitant central and peripheral nervous system involvement. We also reviewed available cases of AQP4-MOG double-positive patients. (2) Brain and spine MRI, cerebrospinal fluid studies, and electrophysiological test were performed. Serum AQP4 and MOG positivity was assessed with live cell-based assay. (3) A 62-year-old woman presented with recurrent optic neuritis, myelitis, and radiculitis, tested positive for AQP4 and MOG antibodies, and was treated successfully with rituximab. (4) Although few cases of AQP4-MOG double-positive patients were already described mostly affecting females with a concomitant spinal cord and optical nerve involvement, we describe the first case of double-positive NMOSD with the peculiar involvement of both central and peripheral nervous system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232314559","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]],"date-time":"2022-11-23T02:10:54Z","timestamp":1669169454000},"page":"14559","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["AQP4-MOG Double-Positive Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: Case Report with Central and Peripheral Nervous System Involvement and Review of Literature"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3287-3247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio Luca","family":"Spiezia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Care and Research Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1574-9693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Carotenuto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Care and Research Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aniello","family":"Iovino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2613-3090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcello","family":"Moccia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Care and Research Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Gastaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimmunology Laboratory, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6939-4760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa","family":"Iodice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0511-0132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrico","family":"Tedeschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Petracca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Care and Research Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4625-4236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Lavorgna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7729-4885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"d\u2019Ambrosio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Brescia Morra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Care and Research Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6388-8180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta","family":"Lanzillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Care and Research Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive 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