{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T18:04:56Z","timestamp":1791396296632,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]],"date-time":"2022-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Elsa U. Pardee Foundation"},{"name":"American Society of Hematology Minority Medical Student Award Program"},{"name":"Scholarly Activity and Research Program at Paul L. Foster School of Medicine"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>26S proteasome non-ATPase subunits 1 (PSMD1) and 3 (PSMD3) were recently identified as prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and multiple solid tumors. In the present study, we analyzed the expression of 19S proteasome subunits in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with mutations in the FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) gene and assessed their impact on overall survival (OS). High levels of PSMD3 but not PSMD1 expression correlated with a worse OS in FLT3-mutated AML. Consistent with an oncogenic role for PSMD3 in AML, shRNA-mediated PSMD3 knockdown impaired colony formation of FLT3+ AML cell lines, which correlated with increased OS in xenograft models. While PSMD3 regulated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-\u03baB) transcriptional activity in CML, we did not observe similar effects in FLT3+ AML cells. Rather, proteomics analyses suggested a role for PSMD3 in neutrophil degranulation and energy metabolism. Finally, we identified additional PSMD subunits that are upregulated in AML patients with mutated versus wild-type FLT3, which correlated with worse outcomes. These findings suggest that different components of the 19S regulatory complex of the 26S proteasome can have indications for OS and may serve as prognostic biomarkers in AML and other types of cancers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232314586","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]],"date-time":"2022-11-23T09:50:52Z","timestamp":1669197052000},"page":"14586","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["19S Proteasome Subunits as Oncogenes and Prognostic Biomarkers in FLT3-Mutated Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Joshua J.","family":"Lara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA"},{"name":"L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1771-8532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfonso E.","family":"Bencomo-Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayra A.","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Idaly M.","family":"Olivas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA"},{"name":"Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James E.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose L.","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa V.","family":"Velazquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Glovier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehrshad","family":"Keivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9077-3554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andres J.","family":"Rubio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA"},{"name":"L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA"},{"name":"Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara K.","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA"},{"name":"L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan P.","family":"Solecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4375-0712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesse C.","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Desiree N.","family":"Tapia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4067-626X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boranai","family":"Tychhon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gonzalo E.","family":"Astudillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Connor","family":"Jordan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darshan S.","family":"Chandrashekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology-Molecular & Cellular, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6533-9150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna M.","family":"Eiring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA"},{"name":"L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA"},{"name":"Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-018-0357-9","article-title":"Targeting FLT3 mutations in AML: Review of current knowledge and evidence","volume":"33","author":"Daver","year":"2019","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3489","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V95.11.3489","article-title":"Mice lacking flt3 ligand have deficient hematopoiesis affecting hematopoietic progenitor cells, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells","volume":"95","author":"McKenna","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1614359","article-title":"Midostaurin plus Chemotherapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia with a FLT3 Mutation","volume":"377","author":"Stone","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1902688","article-title":"Gilteritinib or Chemotherapy for Relapsed or Refractory FLT3-Mutated AML","volume":"381","author":"Perl","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2019.240754","article-title":"Potential targeting of FLT3 acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"106","author":"Ambinder","year":"2021","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-11-3441","article-title":"Sensitivity toward tyrosine kinase inhibitors varies between different activating mutations of the FLT3 receptor","volume":"102","author":"Grundler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3679","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-06-2459","article-title":"FLT3-ITD-TKD dual mutants associated with AML confer resistance to FLT3 PTK inhibitors and cytotoxic agents by overexpression of Bcl-x(L)","volume":"105","author":"Bagrintseva","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-01-0388","article-title":"In vitro studies of a FLT3 inhibitor combined with chemotherapy: Sequence of administration is important to achieve synergistic cytotoxic effects","volume":"104","author":"Levis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1080\/17474086.2021.1969911","article-title":"Safety of FLT3 inhibitors in patients with acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"14","author":"Cerchione","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert. Rev. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.5306\/wjco.v9.i5.90","article-title":"Resistance to FLT3 inhibitors in acute myeloid leukemia: Molecular mechanisms and resensitizing strategies","volume":"9","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rubio, A.J., Bencomo-Alvarez, A.E., Young, J.E., Velazquez, V.V., Lara, J.J., Gonzalez, M.A., and Eiring, A.M. (2021). 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunits 1 (PSMD1) and 3 (PSM3) as putative targets for cancer prognosis and therapy. Cells, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10092390"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2012.11.009","article-title":"Functions of the 19S complex in proteasomal degradation","volume":"38","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.2183\/pjab.85.12","article-title":"The proteasome: Overview of structure and functions","volume":"85","author":"Tanaka","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B Phys. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.2174\/1568009614666140804154511","article-title":"Overview of proteasome inhibitor-based anti-cancer therapies: Perspective on bortezomib and second generation proteasome inhibitors versus future generation inhibitors of ubiquitin-proteasome system","volume":"14","author":"Dou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Cancer Drug Targets"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-017-9699-4","article-title":"(Immuno)proteasomes as therapeutic target in acute leukemia","volume":"36","author":"Cloos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Metastasis. Rev."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1002\/2211-5463.12950","article-title":"Inhibition of the proteasome and proteaphagy enhances apoptosis in FLT3-ITD-driven acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"11","author":"Quinet","year":"2021","journal-title":"FEBS Open Bio"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-05-646497","article-title":"Proteasome inhibitors induce FLT3-ITD degradation through autophagy in AML cells","volume":"127","author":"Larrue","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2489","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-08-104950","article-title":"Molecular basis of bortezomib resistance: Proteasome subunit beta5 (PSMB5) gene mutation and overexpression of PSMB5 protein","volume":"112","author":"Oerlemans","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cetin, G., Klafack, S., Studencka-Turski, M., Kruger, E., and Ebstein, F. (2021). The Ubiquitin-Proteasome System in Immune Cells. Biomolecules, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11010060"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"9922185","article-title":"The Silence of PSMC6 Inhibits Cell Growth and Metastasis in Lung Adenocarcinoma","volume":"2021","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"BioMed. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2697","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-021-01732-6","article-title":"Proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPases 1 (PSMD1) and 3 (PSMD3), play an oncogenic role in chronic myeloid leukemia by stabilizing nuclear factor-kappa B","volume":"40","author":"Rubio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fararjeh, A.S., Chen, L.C., Ho, Y.S., Cheng, T.C., Liu, Y.R., Chang, H.L., Chang, H.W., Wu, C.H., and Tu, S.H. (2019). Proteasome 26S Subunit, non-ATPase 3 (PSMD3) Regulates Breast Cancer by Stabilizing HER2 from Degradation. Cancers, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11040527"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1093\/jb\/mvx053","article-title":"Proteasome 26S subunit PSMD1 regulates breast cancer cell growth through p53 protein degradation","volume":"163","author":"Okumura","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2020.02.143","article-title":"Epigenetic landscape analysis of lncRNAs in acute myeloid leukemia with DNMT3A mutations","volume":"8","author":"Dai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3366","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2021011583","article-title":"Follow-up of patients with R\/R FLT3-mutation-positive AML treated with gilteritinib in the phase 3 ADMIRAL trial","volume":"139","author":"Perl","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.26447","article-title":"Gilteritinib clinical activity in relapsed\/refractory FLT3 mutated acute myeloid leukemia previously treated with FLT3 inhibitors","volume":"97","author":"Numan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5621","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2021005038","article-title":"Randomized evaluation of quizartinib and low-dose ara-C vs low-dose ara-C in older acute myeloid leukemia patients","volume":"5","author":"Dennis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2539","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-021-01179-4","article-title":"Midostaurin reduces relapse in FLT3-mutant acute myeloid leukemia: The Alliance CALGB 10603\/RATIFY trial","volume":"35","author":"Larson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"1053","article-title":"Effects of PSMB5 on proliferation and bortezomib chemo-resistance in human myeloma cells and its related molecular mechanisms","volume":"38","author":"Mo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2013.11.001","article-title":"A bis-benzylidine piperidone targeting proteasome ubiquitin receptor RPN13\/ADRM1 as a therapy for cancer","volume":"24","author":"Anchoori","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2016.97","article-title":"Targeting proteasome ubiquitin receptor Rpn13 in multiple myeloma","volume":"30","author":"Song","year":"2016","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15540","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15540","article-title":"Structure of the Rpn13-Rpn2 complex provides insights for Rpn13 and Uch37 as anticancer targets","volume":"8","author":"Lu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9493","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M117.785287","article-title":"Structure and energetics of pairwise interactions between proteasome subunits RPN2, RPN13, and ubiquitin clarify a substrate recruitment mechanism","volume":"292","author":"VanderLinden","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9659","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.AC119.008881","article-title":"Phosphorylation of Tyr-950 in the proteasome scaffolding protein RPN2 modulates its interaction with the ubiquitin receptor RPN13","volume":"294","author":"Hemmis","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2685","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-019-0467-z","article-title":"Development and preclinical validation of a novel covalent ubiquitin receptor Rpn13 degrader in multiple myeloma","volume":"33","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-020-00398-9","article-title":"Identification of novel anti-tumor therapeutic target via proteomic characterization of ubiquitin receptor ADRM1\/Rpn13","volume":"11","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2020.08.007","article-title":"Physical and Functional Analysis of the Putative Rpn13 Inhibitor RA190","volume":"27","author":"Dickson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"18","article-title":"Impact of Losing hRpn13 Pru or UCHL5 on Proteasome Clearance of Ubiquitinated Proteins and RA190 Cytotoxicity","volume":"40","author":"Sridharan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soong, R.S., Anchoori, R.K., Roden, R.B.S., Cho, R.L., Chen, Y.C., Tseng, S.C., Huang, Y.L., Liao, P.C., and Shyu, Y.C. (2020). Bis-benzylidine Piperidone RA190 treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma via binding RPN13 and inhibiting NF-kappaB signaling. BMC Cancer, 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-020-06896-0"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1159\/000490210","article-title":"RA190, a Proteasome Subunit ADRM1 Inhibitor, Suppresses Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma by Inducing NF-KB-Mediated Cell Apoptosis","volume":"47","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11769351211067692","DOI":"10.1177\/11769351211067692","article-title":"The Prognostic Significance of Proteasome 26S Subunit, Non-ATPase (PSMD) Genes for Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma Patients","volume":"20","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Inform."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893511","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2022.893511","article-title":"A Ubiquitin-Proteasome Gene Signature for Predicting Prognosis in Patients With Lung Adenocarcinoma","volume":"13","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905581","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2022.905581","article-title":"Prognostic Implication and Immunological Role of PSMD2 in Lung Adenocarcinoma","volume":"13","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"5433","article-title":"Deubiquitinase PSMD7 regulates cell fate and is associated with disease progression in breast cancer","volume":"12","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4945","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.53613","article-title":"PSMD7 downregulation suppresses lung cancer progression by regulating the p53 pathway","volume":"12","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20203829","article-title":"Identification of PSMD7 as a prognostic factor correlated with immune infiltration in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"41","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biosci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2525","DOI":"10.1080\/21655979.2021.2018097","article-title":"Transcriptional activation of Proteasome 26S non-ATPase subunit 7 by forkhead box P3 participates in gastric cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis","volume":"13","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioengineered"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2021.05.004","article-title":"PSMD9 ribosomal protein network maintains nucleolar architecture and WT p53 levels","volume":"563","author":"Christie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V84.6.1737.1737","article-title":"Mice lacking granulocyte colony-stimulating factor have chronic neutropenia, granulocyte and macrophage progenitor cell deficiency, and impaired neutrophil mobilization","volume":"84","author":"Lieschke","year":"1994","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2079","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddq080","article-title":"Common variations in PSMD3-CSF3 and PLCB4 are associated with neutrophil count","volume":"19","author":"Okada","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3331","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.61128","article-title":"Deubiquitinase PSMD7 promotes the proliferation, invasion, and cisplatin resistance of gastric cancer cells by stabilizing RAD23B","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17970","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.203345","article-title":"Prognoses and genomic analyses of proteasome 26S subunit, ATPase (PSMC) family genes in clinical breast cancer","volume":"13","author":"Kao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-021-00727-2","article-title":"PSMC2 knockdown suppressed tumor progression of skin cutaneous melanoma","volume":"7","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1080\/15384101.2021.2021722","article-title":"PSMC2 knockdown inhibits the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma by promoting apoptosis via PI3K\/Akt pathway","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1038\/s41389-022-00386-7","article-title":"PSMC2 promotes the progression of gastric cancer via induction of RPS15A\/mTOR pathway","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oncogenesis"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1186\/s12957-022-02533-1","article-title":"PSMC2 is overexpressed in glioma and promotes proliferation and anti-apoptosis of glioma cells","volume":"20","author":"Zheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657917","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.657917","article-title":"PSMC5 Promotes Proliferation and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer by Activating Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Signaling and Modulating Immune Infiltrating Cells","volume":"9","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2862","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-17-0130","article-title":"CRISPR Genome-Wide Screening Identifies Dependence on the Proteasome Subunit PSMC6 for Bortezomib Sensitivity in Multiple Myeloma","volume":"16","author":"Shi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neo.2017.05.002","article-title":"UALCAN: A Portal for Facilitating Tumor Subgroup Gene Expression and Survival Analyses","volume":"19","author":"Chandrashekar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neoplasia"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-08-588855","article-title":"shRNA library screening identifies nucleocytoplasmic transport as a mediator of BCR-ABL1 kinase-independent resistance","volume":"125","author":"Khorashad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2014.245","article-title":"Combined STAT3 and BCR-ABL1 inhibition induces synthetic lethality in therapy-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia","volume":"29","author":"Eiring","year":"2015","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09234-6","article-title":"Metascape provides a biologist-oriented resource for the analysis of systems-level datasets","volume":"10","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pl1","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.2004088","article-title":"Integrative analysis of complex cancer genomics and clinical profiles using the cBioPortal","volume":"6","author":"Gao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Signal."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/23\/23\/14586\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:24:59Z","timestamp":1760145899000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/23\/23\/14586"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms232314586"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms232314586","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]]}}}