{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T22:25:37Z","timestamp":1787869537136,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]],"date-time":"2022-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn","award":["11.610.003-110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11.610.003-110"]}]},{"name":"University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn","award":["2017\/25\/B\/NZ9\/02544"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/25\/B\/NZ9\/02544"]}]},{"name":"University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn","award":["010\/RID\/2018\/19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["010\/RID\/2018\/19"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Polish National Science Centre, OPUS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11.610.003-110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11.610.003-110"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Polish National Science Centre, OPUS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017\/25\/B\/NZ9\/02544"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/25\/B\/NZ9\/02544"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Polish National Science Centre, OPUS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["010\/RID\/2018\/19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["010\/RID\/2018\/19"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Minister of Education and Science","award":["11.610.003-110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11.610.003-110"]}]},{"name":"Minister of Education and Science","award":["2017\/25\/B\/NZ9\/02544"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/25\/B\/NZ9\/02544"]}]},{"name":"Minister of Education and Science","award":["010\/RID\/2018\/19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["010\/RID\/2018\/19"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to assess the quality and fertilizing potential of red deer epididymal spermatozoa stored in a liquid state for up to 11 days (D11). In Experiment 1, sperm quality was determined. In Experiment 2, the efficiency of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and artificial insemination (AI) of stored sperm were evaluated. An analysis of sperm quality on D5 of storage revealed a decrease (p &lt; 0.05) in motility and morphology, and a higher proportion of apoptotic spermatozoa. On D1, D7 and D10, the total motility of sperm for IVF and AI was determined to be 82.6%, 71.0% and 64.8%, respectively. The results of IVF and AI demonstrated that the fertilizing potential of spermatozoa differs between days of storage. The percentage of blastocysts was higher when oocytes were fertilized on D1 (17.4 %) compared to D7 (8.5%) and D10 sperm (10.5%). Differences were noted in the pregnancy rates of inseminated hinds. The insemination with D1, D7 and D10 sperm led to live births (33% from D7 and D10). The results indicate that the quality of red deer epididymal spermatozoa remains satisfactory during ten days of storage in a liquid state, and that these spermatozoa maintain their fertility potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232314591","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]],"date-time":"2022-11-23T09:50:52Z","timestamp":1669197052000},"page":"14591","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Quality and Fertilizing Potential of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus L.) Epididymal Spermatozoa Stored in a Liquid State"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3902-1875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Dzieko\u0144ska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4484-6601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Koziorowska-Gilun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W\u0142adys\u0142aw","family":"Kordan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1932-0245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicoletta M.","family":"Neuman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6529-7798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelika M.","family":"Kotlarczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biodiversity Protection, Institute of Animal, Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences (IAR & FR PAS), Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1044-9288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna J.","family":"Korzekwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biodiversity Protection, Institute of Animal, Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences (IAR & FR PAS), Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2006.00773.x","article-title":"The application of reproductive technologies to natural populations of red deer","volume":"41","author":"Garde","year":"2006","journal-title":"Reprod. 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