{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T01:48:02Z","timestamp":1789609682952,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":164,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]],"date-time":"2022-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Associazione Giovani Diabetici AGD BOLOGNA"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human term placenta and other postpartum-derived biological tissues are promising sources of perinatal cells with unique stem cell properties. Among the massive current research on stem cells, one medical focus on easily available stem cells is to exploit them in the design of immunotherapy protocols, in particular for the treatment of chronic non-curable human diseases. Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells and perinatal cells can be harnessed both to generate insulin-producing cells for beta cell replenishment and to regulate autoimmune mechanisms via immunomodulation capacity. In this study, the strong points of cells derived from amniotic epithelial cells and from umbilical cord matrix are outlined and their potential for supporting cell therapy development. From a basic research and expert stem cell point of view, the aim of this review is to summarize information regarding the regenerative medicine field, as well as describe the state of the art on possible cell therapy approaches for diabetes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232314597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]],"date-time":"2022-11-23T09:50:52Z","timestamp":1669197052000},"page":"14597","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Perinatal Stem Cell Therapy to Treat Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Never-Say-Die Story of Differentiation and Immunomodulation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0424-9287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Paris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5591-7663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeria","family":"Pizzuti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6644-5828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pasquale","family":"Marrazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0379-9562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Pession","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5315-0104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Alviano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Bonsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2017.00055","article-title":"Pancreatic Beta Cell Identity in Humans and the Role of Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"5","author":"Marchetti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. 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