{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T01:45:43Z","timestamp":1791855943407,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":247,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]],"date-time":"2022-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a clinical manifestation of atherosclerotic disease with a large-scale impact on the economy and global health. Despite the role played by platelets in the process of atherogenesis being well recognized, evidence has been increasing on the contribution of the coagulation system to the atherosclerosis formation and PAD development, with important repercussions for the therapeutic approach. Histopathological analysis and some clinical studies conducted on atherosclerotic plaques testify to the existence of different types of plaques. Likely, the role of coagulation in each specific type of plaque can be an important determinant in the histopathological composition of atherosclerosis and in its future stability. In this review, we analyze the molecular contribution of inflammation and the coagulation system on PAD pathogenesis, focusing on molecular similarities and differences between atherogenesis in PAD and coronary artery disease (CAD) and discussing the possible implications for current therapeutic strategies and future perspectives accounting for molecular inflammatory and coagulation targets. Understanding the role of cross-talking between coagulation and inflammation in atherosclerosis genesis and progression could help in choosing the right patients for future dual pathway inhibition strategies, where an antiplatelet agent is combined with an anticoagulant, whose role, despite pathophysiological premises and trials\u2019 results, is still under debate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232314914","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]],"date-time":"2022-11-29T01:42:02Z","timestamp":1669686122000},"page":"14914","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["The Role of the Coagulation System in Peripheral Arterial Disease: Interactions with the Arterial Wall and Its Vascular Microenvironment and Implications for Rational Therapies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Miceli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, Italy"},{"name":"Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, University Hospital Policlinico \u201cP. Giaccone\u201d, 90100 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Grazia","family":"Basso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, Italy"},{"name":"Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, University Hospital Policlinico \u201cP. Giaccone\u201d, 90100 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuliana","family":"Rizzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, Italy"},{"name":"Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, University Hospital Policlinico \u201cP. Giaccone\u201d, 90100 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Pintus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, Italy"},{"name":"Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, University Hospital Policlinico \u201cP. Giaccone\u201d, 90100 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6440-7318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonino","family":"Tuttolomondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, Italy"},{"name":"Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, University Hospital Policlinico \u201cP. Giaccone\u201d, 90100 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61249-0","article-title":"Comparison of global estimates of prevalence and risk factors for peripheral artery disease in 2000 and 2010: A systematic review and analysis","volume":"382","author":"Fowkes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2019-316164","article-title":"Assessment and management of peripheral arterial disease: What every cardiologist should know","volume":"107","author":"Tran","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gheart.2013.12.008","article-title":"Global and regional burden of death and disability from peripheral artery disease: 21 world regions, 1990 to 2010","volume":"9","author":"Sampson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glob. 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