{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T04:29:30Z","timestamp":1790656170934,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,2]],"date-time":"2022-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Spermatogenesis is a genetically driven differentiation process that occurs in the testis and leads to the formation of spermatozoa. This process is extensively studied in several experimental models, particularly in vertebrates that share the morphological structure and functionality of the mammalian testis. Although reptiles are not generally considered biological models, the lizard Podarcis siculus has represented a suitable organism for the study of spermatogenesis over the years. In this lizard, the process of spermatogenesis is regulated by the interaction between systemic factors such as gonadotropins and local factors, i.e., molecules produced by the somatic and germinal cells of the testis. Many exogenous substances are able to alter the production of these regulative factors, thus altering the course of spermatogenesis, and P. siculus has proven to be an excellent model for studying the effects of various endogenous or exogenous substances on mechanisms underlying spermatogenesis. This review summarizes the available data on the effects of different substances on the control of spermatogenesis, highlighting the induced morphological and molecular alterations. Overall, the data show that sex hormone levels as well as the final stages of spermatogenesis are most affected by an imbalance of endogenous compounds or contamination by environmental pollutants. This is helpful for the male individual, since the damage, not affecting the spermatogonial stem cells, can be considered transient and not irreversible.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232315220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]],"date-time":"2022-12-05T01:42:21Z","timestamp":1670204541000},"page":"15220","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The Italian Wall Lizard Podarcis siculus as a Biological Model for Research in Male Reproductive Toxicology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2472-0435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Rosati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University Federico II, Via Cintia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Chianese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University Federico II, Via Cintia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Palma","family":"Simoniello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sciences and Technology, University Parthenope, Centro Direzionale, Isola C4, 80143 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1035-0664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara Maria","family":"Motta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University Federico II, Via Cintia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8186-9722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosaria","family":"Scudiero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University Federico II, Via Cintia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"407","article-title":"Podarcis siculus (Rafinesque\u2013Schmaltz, 1810)","volume":"Volume 4","author":"Corti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fauna d\u2019 Italia: Reptilia"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.3897\/herpetozoa.32.e36609","article-title":"Eaten or beaten? Severe population decline of the invasive lizard Podarcis siculus (Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1810) after an eradication project in Athens, Greece","volume":"32","author":"Adamopoulou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Herpetozoa"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1643\/0045-8511(2002)002[0836:FTASAI]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Freeze Tolerance and Supercooling Ability in the Italian Wall Lizard, Podarcis sicula, Introduced to Long Island, New York","volume":"3","author":"Burke","year":"2002","journal-title":"Copeia"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.31610\/trudyzin\/2020.324.3.364","article-title":"Podarcis siculus (Reptilia: Sauria: Lacertidae), a new alien species for Russian fauna","volume":"324","author":"Tuniyev","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Zool. Inst. RAS"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"151","article-title":"A case of cannibalism in Podarcis siculus campestris De Betta, 1857 (Reptilia, Lacertidae)","volume":"2","author":"Grano","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biodivers. J."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Rondinini, C., Battistoni, A., Peronace, V., and Teofili, C. (2013). Lista Rossa IUCN dei Vertebrati Italiani, Comitato Italiano IUCN e Ministero dell\u2019Ambiente e della Tutela del Territorio e del Mare."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sciarrillo, R., Falzarano, A., Gallicchio, V., Mileo, A., and De Falco, M. (2022). Toxic effects on the thyroid gland of adult male lizards (Podarcis siculus) in contact with soil contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23094790"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2009.08.005","article-title":"Differential gene expression profiles in embryos of the lizard Podarcis sicula under in ovo exposure to cadmium","volume":"151","author":"Trinchella","year":"2010","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1852","article-title":"Cadmium contaminated soil affects retinogenesis in lizard embryos","volume":"321A","author":"Simoniello","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Exp. Zool."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2010.09.007","article-title":"Cadmium-induced teratogenicity in lizard embryos: Correlation with metallothionein gene expression","volume":"153","author":"Simoniello","year":"2011","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2020.113393","article-title":"Spring and Fall recrudescence in Podarcis siculus ovaries: A role for progesterone","volume":"290","author":"Motta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"151","article-title":"Biological and cytological aspects of the ovarian cycle in Lacerta sicula sicula Raf","volume":"7","author":"Filosa","year":"1973","journal-title":"Monit. Zool. Ital."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"27","article-title":"The regulation of the reproductive cycle in Podarcis sicula sicula (Reptilia, Lacertidae): Influence on the refractory period on the springtime testicular activity","volume":"14","author":"Angelini","year":"1980","journal-title":"Monit. Zool. Ital."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"588","article-title":"Alcuni dati sull\u2019 influenza della luce, della temperatura e del trattamento ormonale su ciclo sessuale annuale maschile di Lacerta s. sicula Raf","volume":"39","author":"Angelini","year":"1972","journal-title":"Boll. Zool."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"133","article-title":"Autumn photothermal regimes and reproductive functions in the female lizard Podarcis S","volume":"16","author":"Angelini","year":"1982","journal-title":"sicula Raf. Monit. Zool. Ital."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Assenmacher, I., and Farner, D.S. (1978). Reptilian Reproductive Cycles and Environmental Regulators. Environmental Endocrinology, Springer. Proceedings in Life Sciences.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-66981-1"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"320","article-title":"Il ciclo sessuale annuo nel maschio di Lacerta s. sicula Raf","volume":"62","author":"Galgano","year":"1954","journal-title":"Monit. Zool. Ital."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"62","article-title":"The course of spermatogenesis in reptilia","volume":"6","author":"Angelini","year":"1975","journal-title":"Accad. Delle Sci. Fis. E Mat."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"211","article-title":"Spermatogenesis in Reptiles, Dynamic and Regulatory Aspect","volume":"Volume 6","author":"Dallai","year":"1992","journal-title":"Sex Origin and Evolution"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2020.113579","article-title":"Spermatogenesis and regulatory factors in the wall lizard Podarcis sicula","volume":"298","author":"Rosati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1080\/11250007609434890","article-title":"Influence of photoperiod and temperature on the testicular activity of the lizard, Lacerta sicula sicula Raf","volume":"43","author":"Angelini","year":"1976","journal-title":"Boll. Zool."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Assenmacher, I., and Boissin, J. (1986). Ambient Crues and Sexual Cycle in the Lizard, Podarcis s. sicula Raf. Endocrine Regulations as Adaptative Mechanisms to Environments, Editions CNRS."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-012-9857-7","article-title":"Expression of VIP and its receptors in the testis of the spotted ray Torpedo marmorata (Risso 1880)","volume":"48","author":"Agnese","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1866","article-title":"Molecular cloning of VIP and distribution of VIP\/VPACR system in the testis of Podarcis sicula","volume":"321","author":"Agnese","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Etuniyevxp. Zool. A Ecol. Genet. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2014.03.025","article-title":"The VIP\/VPACR system in the reproductive cycle of male lizard Podarcis sicula","volume":"205","author":"Agnese","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2014.05.009","article-title":"PACAP and PAC\u2081 receptor in the reproductive cycle of male lizard Podarcis sicula","volume":"205","author":"Rosati","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1964","article-title":"Sex steroid hormone secretion in the wall lizard Podarcis sicula testis: The involvement of VIP","volume":"323","author":"Rosati","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Exp. Zool. A Ecol. Genet. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2015.10.022","article-title":"Role of PACAP on testosterone and 17\u03b2-estradiol production in the testis of wall lizard Podarcis sicula","volume":"191","author":"Rosati","year":"2016","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A Mol. Integr. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.1.06115","article-title":"Endocrine roles of D-aspartic acid in the testis of lizard Podarcis s. sicula","volume":"187","author":"Raucci","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2009.02.002","article-title":"The reproductive activity in the testis of Podarcis s. sicula involves D-aspartic acid: A study on c-kit receptor protein, tyrosine kinase activity and PCNA protein during annual sexual cycle","volume":"161","author":"Raucci","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1430565","article-title":"Opioid peptides and testicular activity in the lizard Podarcis s. sicula Raf","volume":"143","author":"Ciarcia","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2795(199611)45:3<308::AID-MRD7>3.0.CO;2-W","article-title":"In vitro effects of beta-endorphin on testicular release of androgens in the lizard Podarcis sicula Raf","volume":"45","author":"Ciarcia","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mol. Reprod. Dev."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.a.264","article-title":"Impairment of spermatogenesis and enhancement of testicular germ cell apoptosis induced by exogenous all-trans-retinoic acid in adult lizard Podarcis sicula","volume":"305","author":"Comitato","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Exp. Zool. A Comp. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2402","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.135996","article-title":"P450 aromatase: A key enzyme in the spermatogenesis of the Italian wall lizard, Podarcis sicula","volume":"219","author":"Rosati","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crvi.2017.10.001","article-title":"Testicular steroidogenic enzymes in the lizard Podarcis sicula during the spermatogenic cycle","volume":"340","author":"Rosati","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comptes Rendus Biol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod39.1.205","article-title":"Effects of Photoperiod, Beta-Endorphin, and Naloxone on in Vitro Secretion of Testosterone in White-50 Footed Mouse (Peromyscus Leucopus) Testes","volume":"39","author":"Knotts","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod47.1.1","article-title":"The influence of beta-endorphin on testicular endocrine function in adult rats","volume":"47","author":"Chandrashekar","year":"1992","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2007.03.005","article-title":"Sequence analysis of retinoic acid receptor alpha, beta and gamma isoforms in the lizard, Podarcis sicula","volume":"104","author":"Esposito","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Steroid. Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1007\/s000180050363","article-title":"Germline development in vertebrates and invertebrates","volume":"55","author":"Saffman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.22349","article-title":"First evidence of Vasa expression in differentiating male germ cells of a reptile","volume":"81","author":"Milani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Reprod. Dev."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.b.22628","article-title":"Vasa expression in spermatogenic cells during the reproductive-cycle phases of Podarcis sicula (Reptilia, Lacertidae)","volume":"324","author":"Milani","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Exp. Zool. B Mol. Dev. Evol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2007000600003","article-title":"Estrogens and male reproduction: A new concept","volume":"40","author":"Carreau","year":"2007","journal-title":"Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2011.06.004","article-title":"Estrogen signaling in testicular cells","volume":"89","author":"Carreau","year":"2011","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.4161\/spmg.1.1.14525","article-title":"Spermiation: The process of sperm release","volume":"1","author":"Nicholls","year":"2011","journal-title":"Spermatogenesis"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0900353","article-title":"Plasma sex hormone concentrations during the reproductive cycle in the male lizard, Podarcis s. sicula","volume":"90","author":"Panno","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Fertil."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2006.08.005","article-title":"D-Aspartic acid: An endogenous amino acid with an important neuroendocrine role","volume":"53","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.10151","article-title":"Effects of the aromatase inhibitor fadrozole on plasma sex steroid secretion, spermatogenesis and epididymis morphology in the lizard, Podarcis sicula","volume":"63","author":"Cardone","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Reprod. Dev."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965617","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/965617","article-title":"Spermatogenic waves and expression of AR and ERs in germ cells of Podarcis sicula","volume":"2014","author":"Verderame","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Zool."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.1151","article-title":"17\u03b2-estradiol induces spermatogonial proliferation through mitogen-activated protein kinase (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1\/2) activity in the lizard (Podarcis s. sicula)","volume":"61","author":"Chieffi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Reprod. Dev."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2016.06.012","article-title":"Ectopic synthesis of vitellogenin in testis and epididymis of estrogen-treated lizard Podarcis sicula","volume":"235","author":"Verderame","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Browder, L.W. (1985). Vitellogenesis and Oocyte Growth in Nonmammalian Vertebrates. Oogenesis, Springer. Developmental Biology.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-6814-8"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crvi.2017.01.005","article-title":"Estrogen-dependent, extrahepatic synthesis of vitellogenin in male vertebrates: A mini-review","volume":"340","author":"Verderame","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comptes Rendus Biol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1006\/gcen.1997.6925","article-title":"Number of mast cells in the Harderian gland of the lizard Podarcis sicula sicula (Raf): The annual cycle and its relation to environmental factors and estradiol administration","volume":"107","author":"Vitiello","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.K09E-368","article-title":"Clomiphene citrate elicits estrogen agonistic\/antagonistic effects differentially via estrogen receptors \u03b1 and \u03b2","volume":"57","author":"Kurosawa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocr. J."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4760638","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/4760638","article-title":"Exploring the Role of Estrogens in Lizard Spermatogenesis through the Study of 48 Clomiphene and FSH Effects","volume":"2017","author":"Verderame","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.07.011","article-title":"Spermatogenesis, epididymis morphology and plasma sex steroid secretion in the male lizard Podarcis sicula exposed to diuron","volume":"108","author":"Cardone","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-011-0812-0","article-title":"Testicular toxicity of methyl thiophanate in the Italian wall lizard (Podarcis sicula): Morphological and molecular evaluation","volume":"21","author":"Cardone","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-014-1361-0","article-title":"Imidacloprid induces morphological and molecular damages on testis of lizard (Podarcis sicula)","volume":"24","author":"Cardone","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verderame, M., Chianese, T., Rosati, L., and Scudiero, R. (2022). Molecular and Histological Effects of Glyphosate on Testicular Tissue of the Lizard Podarcis siculus. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23094850"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4746283","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/4746283","article-title":"How Glyphosate Impairs Liver Condition in the Field Lizard Podarcis siculus (Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1810): Histological and Molecular Evidence","volume":"2019","author":"Verderame","year":"2019","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00178","article-title":"Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals: Effects on Endocrine Glands","volume":"10","author":"Lauretta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2013.02.005","article-title":"Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and male reproductive health","volume":"26","author":"Knez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Reprod. Biomed. Online"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2009-0002","article-title":"Endocrine disrupting chemicals: An endocrine society scientific statement","volume":"30","author":"Bourguignon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2021.103684","article-title":"1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)-ethane (DDT) and 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis (p, p\u2019-chlorophenyl) ethylene (DDE) as endocrine disruptors in human and wildlife: A possible implication of mitochondria","volume":"87","author":"Migliaccio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1017\/S0967199400002653","article-title":"Mast cell-Leydig cell relationships in the testis of the lizard Podarcis s. sicula Raf: Thermal manipulation, ethane 1,2-dimethane sulphonate (EDS) and sex hormone treatment","volume":"3","author":"Minucci","year":"1995","journal-title":"Zygote"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2015.01.027","article-title":"Interferences of an environmental pollutant with estrogen-like action in the male reproductive system of the terrestrial vertebrate Podarcis sicula","volume":"213","author":"Verderame","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Lorenzo, M., Mileo, A., Laforgia, V., De Falco, M., and Rosati, L. (2021). Alkyphenol Exposure Alters Steroidogenesis in Male Lizard Podarcis siculus. Animals, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11041003"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/23\/23\/15220\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:33:17Z","timestamp":1760146397000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/23\/23\/15220"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,2]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms232315220"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms232315220","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,2]]}}}