{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T18:24:43Z","timestamp":1791915883783,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,3]],"date-time":"2022-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disease manifesting in inverse body regions. In a systematic review, the role of hormones in HS will be presented to better understand the pathomechanisms of HS. The review is based on the PRISMA criteria. Systematic research was carried out using keywords. Subsequently, the data were analyzed based on the clinical response and other relevant information. The main focus of our systematic review was on HS manifestation, exacerbation, sex hormones, antiandrogen therapy, thyroid function, polycystic ovary syndrome, insulin resistance, and adipokines. In HS, there appears to be a dysregulated adipokine release that is shifted towards pro-inflammatory adipokines. Insulin resistance is significantly more common in HS than in healthy patients regardless of BMI, age, and gender. Insulin resistance in HS patients leads to further cardiovascular disease. The mechanism of insulin resistance and role of adipokines should be investigated in future studies to better provide the pathomechanisms of HS. The role of androgens seems to be important in a certain subgroup of female patients. Anti-androgenic therapy can be useful and helpful in some patients. However, further studies are needed to better understand the hormonal relationship in HS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232315250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]],"date-time":"2022-12-05T02:13:12Z","timestamp":1670206392000},"page":"15250","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["The Role of Hormones in Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6853-0743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nessr","family":"Abu Rached","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Hidradenitis Suppurativa\/Acne Inversa (ICH), Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thilo","family":"Gambichler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Hidradenitis Suppurativa\/Acne Inversa (ICH), Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1185-3549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes W.","family":"Dietrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Section, Department of Internal Medicine I, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, NRW, Gudrunstr. 56, 44791 Bochum, Germany"},{"name":"Diabetes Centre Bochum-Hattingen, St. Elisabeth-Hospital Blankenstein, Im Vogelsang 5-11, 45527 Hattingen, Germany"},{"name":"Centre for Rare Endocrine Diseases, Ruhr Centre for Rare Diseases (CeSER), Ruhr University Bochum and Witten\/Herdecke University, Alexandrinenstr. 5, 44791 Bochum, Germany"},{"name":"Centre for Diabetes Technology, Catholic Hospitals Bochum, Gudrunstr. 56, 44791 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lennart","family":"Ocker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Hidradenitis Suppurativa\/Acne Inversa (ICH), Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Seifert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Hidradenitis Suppurativa\/Acne Inversa (ICH), Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eggert","family":"Stockfleth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Hidradenitis Suppurativa\/Acne Inversa (ICH), Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Falk G.","family":"Bechara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Hidradenitis Suppurativa\/Acne Inversa (ICH), Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2021.1677","article-title":"Prevalence of Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Systematic Review and Meta-regression Analysis","volume":"157","author":"Jfri","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.19210","article-title":"The prevalence of hidradenitis suppurativa is shown by the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank to be one per cent of the population of Wales","volume":"183","author":"Ingram","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. 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