{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:02:14Z","timestamp":1787241734973,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,4]],"date-time":"2022-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Next Generation Bio-Green 21 Program","award":["PJ015782"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJ015782"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The white-backed planthopper (WBPH) is a major pest of rice crops and causes severe loss of yield. We previously developed the WBPH-resistant rice cultivar \u201cOxF3H\u201d by overexpressing the OsF3H gene. Although there was a higher accumulation of the flavonoids kaempferol (Kr) and quercetin (Qu) as well as salicylic acid (SA) in OxF3H transgenic (OsF3H or Trans) plants compared to the wild type (WT), it is still unclear how OsF3H overexpression affects these WBPH resistant-related changes in gene expression in OxF3H plants. In this study, we analyze RNA-seq data from OxF3H and WT at several points (0 h, 3 h, 12 h, and 24 h) after WBPH infection to explain how overall changes in gene expression happen in these two cultivars. RT-qPCR further validated a number of the genes. Results revealed that the highest number of DEGs (4735) between the two genotypes was detected after 24 h of infection. Interestingly, it was found that several of the DEGs between the WT and OsF3H under control conditions were also differentially expressed in OsF3H in response to WBPH infestation. These results indicate that significant differences in gene expression between the \u201cOxF3H\u201d and \u201cWT\u201d exist as the infection time increases. Many of these DEGs were related to oxidoreductase activity, response to stress, salicylic acid biosynthesis, metabolic process, defense response to pathogen, cellular response to toxic substance, and regulation of hormone levels. Moreover, genes involved in salicylic acid (SA) and ethylene (Et) biosynthesis were upregulated in OxF3H plants, while jasmonic acid (JA), brassinosteroid (Br), and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathways were found downregulated in OxF3H plants during WBPH infestation. Interestingly, many DEGs related to pathogenesis, such as OsPR1, OsPR1b, OsNPR1, OsNPR3, and OsNPR5, were found to be significantly upregulated in OxF3H plants. Additionally, genes related to the MAPKs pathway and about 30 WRKY genes involved in different pathways were upregulated in OxF3H plants after WBPH infestation. This suggests that overexpression of the OxF3H gene leads to multiple transcriptomic changes and impacts plant hormones and pathogenic-related and secondary-metabolites-related genes, enhancing the plant\u2019s resistance to WBPH infestation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232315308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]],"date-time":"2022-12-05T02:13:12Z","timestamp":1670206392000},"page":"15308","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Enhancing the Expression of the OsF3H Gene in Oryza sativa Leads to the Regulation of Multiple Biosynthetic Pathways and Transcriptomic Changes That Influence Insect Resistance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5788-3017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rahmatullah","family":"Jan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Coastal Agriculture Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8216-7549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sajjad","family":"Asaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural and Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 611, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Lubna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2416-7388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saleem","family":"Asif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8532-608X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eun-Gyeong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6282-9557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoon-Hee","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nari","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0815-5942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Al-Harrasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural and Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 611, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7470-798X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gang-Seob","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4812-6297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyung-Min","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Coastal Agriculture Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS.2000.84.3.357","article-title":"Rice pest constraints in tropical Asia: Quantification of yield losses due to rice pests in a range of production situations","volume":"84","author":"Savary","year":"2000","journal-title":"Plant Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1017\/S000748530002575X","article-title":"Weather associated with autumn and winter migrations of rice pests and other insects in south-eastern and eastern Asia","volume":"88","author":"Rutter","year":"1998","journal-title":"Bull. Entomol. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3677","DOI":"10.1007\/s11434-008-0467-2","article-title":"Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus: A new proposed Fijivirus species in the family Reoviridae","volume":"53","author":"Zhou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chin. Sci. Bull."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horgan, F.G., Arida, A., Ardestani, G., and Almazan, M.L.P. (2020). Temperature-dependent oviposition and nymph performance reveal distinct thermal niches of coexisting planthoppers with similar thresholds for development. PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0235506"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, X.-G., Ruan, Y.-W., Gong, C.-W., Xiang, X., Xu, X., Zhang, Y.-M., and Shen, L.-T. (2019). Transcriptome analysis of Sogatella furcifera (Homoptera: Delphacidae) in response to sulfoxaflor and functional verification of resistance-related P450 genes. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20184573"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.1641","article-title":"Species-specific insecticide resistance to imidacloprid and fipronil in the rice planthoppers Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera in East and South-east Asia","volume":"64","author":"Matsumura","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pest Manag. Sci. Former. Pestic. Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2016.05.004","article-title":"Resistance monitoring and cross-resistance patterns of three rice planthoppers, Nilaparvata lugens, Sogatella furcifera and Laodelphax striatellus to dinotefuran in China","volume":"134","author":"Mu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pestic. Biochem. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Heinrichs, E. (1985). Genetic Evaluation for Insect Resistance in Rice, International Rice Research Institute."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s12284-021-00470-3","article-title":"RNA-Sequencing Reveals Differentially Expressed Rice Genes Functionally Associated with Defense against BPH and WBPH in RILs Derived from a Cross between RP2068 and TN1","volume":"14","author":"Divya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rice"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s10681-014-1175-4","article-title":"Whitebacked planthopper Sogatella furcifera (Horv\u00e1th)(Homoptera: Delphacidae) resistance in rice variety Sinna Sivappu","volume":"200","author":"Ramesh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Euphytica"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14685","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-71661-z","article-title":"Overexpression of OsF3H modulates WBPH stress by alteration of phenylpropanoid pathway at a transcriptomic and metabolomic level in Oryza sativa","volume":"10","author":"Jan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17700","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-74789-0","article-title":"Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal the regulation of pigmentation in the purple variety of Dendrobium officinale","volume":"10","author":"Zhan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2007.10.003","article-title":"Flavonoids and auxin transport: Modulators or regulators?","volume":"12","author":"Peer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.105.075671","article-title":"Ethylene modulates flavonoid accumulation and gravitropic responses in roots of Arabidopsis","volume":"140","author":"Buer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2018.12.010","article-title":"ABA, flavonols, and the evolvability of land plants","volume":"280","author":"Brunetti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.13299","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species, abiotic stress and stress combination","volume":"90","author":"Choudhury","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2499","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.16.00421","article-title":"Coordinate regulation of metabolite glycosylation and stress hormone biosynthesis by TT8 in Arabidopsis","volume":"171","author":"Rai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/1939-8433-6-4","article-title":"Improvement of the Oryza sativa Nipponbare reference genome using next generation sequence and optical map data","volume":"6","author":"Kawahara","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rice"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.2307\/3869945","article-title":"Characterization of an Arabidopsis mutant that is nonresponsive to inducers of systemic acquired resistance","volume":"6","author":"Cao","year":"1994","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(03)00429-X","article-title":"Inducers of plant systemic acquired resistance regulate NPR1 function through redox changes","volume":"113","author":"Mou","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI-18-0511","article-title":"Overexpression of a rice NPR1 homolog leads to constitutive activation of defense response and hypersensitivity to light","volume":"18","author":"Chern","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Plant Microbe. Interact."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/s10658-011-9801-7","article-title":"Involvement of OsNPR1\/NH1 in rice basal resistance to blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae","volume":"131","author":"Feng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-phyto-073009-114447","article-title":"Hormone crosstalk in plant disease and defense: More than just jasmonate-salicylate antagonism","volume":"49","author":"Grant","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Phytopathol."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"77","article-title":"Networking by small-molecule hormones in plant immunity","volume":"83","author":"Pieterse","year":"2012","journal-title":"IOBC-WPRS Bull."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/ert454","article-title":"Diverse functional interactions between nitric oxide and abscisic acid in plant development and responses to stress","volume":"65","author":"Castillo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2015.00170","article-title":"How salicylic acid takes transcriptional control over jasmonic acid signaling","volume":"6","author":"Caarls","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1111\/ppa.12105","article-title":"Costs and benefits of hormone-regulated plant defences","volume":"62","author":"Vos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"343","article-title":"Ethylene: Multi-tasker in plant\u2013attacker interactions","volume":"44","author":"Pieterse","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu. Plant Rev."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI-02-12-0033-R","article-title":"Recognition of avirulence gene AvrLm1 from hemibiotrophic ascomycete Leptosphaeria maculans triggers salicylic acid and ethylene signaling in Brassica napus","volume":"25","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2527","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.108.065193","article-title":"Ethylene insensitive3 and ethylene insensitive3-like1 repress salicylic acid induction deficient2 expression to negatively regulate plant innate immunity in Arabidopsis","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2457","DOI":"10.1007\/s11434-006-2148-3","article-title":"Role of ethylene signaling in the production of rice volatiles induced by the rice brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens","volume":"51","author":"Lu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chin. Sci. Bull."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s00344-007-0014-4","article-title":"Deciphering the role of ethylene in plant\u2013herbivore interactions","volume":"26","author":"Baldwin","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Plant Growth"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3054.2011.01483.x","article-title":"Genome-wide transcriptional changes and defence-related chemical profiling of rice in response to infestation by the rice striped stem borer Chilo suppressalis","volume":"143","author":"Zhou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Physiol. Plant."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(01)03194-5","article-title":"Exogenous ACC enhances volatiles production mediated by jasmonic acid in lima bean leaves","volume":"509","author":"Horiuchi","year":"2001","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3054.2003.00054.x","article-title":"Synergistic interactions between volicitin, jasmonic acid and ethylene mediate insect-induced volatile emission in Zea mays","volume":"117","author":"Schmelz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Physiol. Plant."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2134","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.103.037929","article-title":"Methyl jasmonate-induced ethylene production is responsible for conifer phloem defense responses and reprogramming of stem cambial zone for traumatic resin duct formation","volume":"135","author":"Hudgins","year":"2004","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI-19-0189","article-title":"Ethylene signaling mediates a maize defense response to insect herbivory","volume":"19","author":"Harfouche","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3059","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.81.10.3059","article-title":"Formation of cyanide from carbon 1 of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid during its conversion to ethylene","volume":"81","author":"Peiser","year":"1984","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.106.085258","article-title":"Contribution of ethylene biosynthesis for resistance to blast fungus infection in young rice plants","volume":"142","author":"Iwai","year":"2006","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1093\/mp\/ssu085","article-title":"Contrasting effects of ethylene biosynthesis on induced plant resistance against a chewing and a piercing-sucking herbivore in rice","volume":"7","author":"Lu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Plant"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molp.2015.01.003","article-title":"Ethylene signaling in rice and Arabidopsis: Conserved and diverged aspects","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Plant"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1830","DOI":"10.1093\/mp\/sst087","article-title":"Identification of rice ethylene-response mutants and characterization of MHZ7\/OsEIN2 in distinct ethylene response and yield trait regulation","volume":"6","author":"Ma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Plant"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.15.00353","article-title":"Maohuzi6\/Ethylene Insensitive3-Like1 and Ethylene Insensitive3-Like2 regulate ethylene response of roots and coleoptiles and negatively affect salt tolerance in rice","volume":"169","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313X.2011.04709.x","article-title":"An EAR-motif-containing ERF transcription factor affects herbivore-induced signaling, defense and resistance in rice","volume":"68","author":"Lu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.007468","article-title":"Ethylene Response factor1 integrates signals from ethylene and jasmonate pathways in plant defense","volume":"15","author":"Lorenzo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.108.117523","article-title":"The AP2\/ERF domain transcription factor ORA59 integrates jasmonic acid and ethylene signals in plant defense","volume":"147","author":"Atallah","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2009.09.004","article-title":"Regulation of gene expression by jasmonate hormones","volume":"70","author":"Memelink","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1007\/s10886-014-0474-5","article-title":"The evolution of ethylene signaling in plant chemical ecology","volume":"40","author":"Groen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Chem. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.110.163949","article-title":"The B-3 ethylene response factor MtERF1-1 mediates resistance to a subset of root pathogens in Medicago truncatula without adversely affecting symbiosis with rhizobia","volume":"154","author":"Anderson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI-03-17-0057-R","article-title":"Ethylene signaling is important for isoflavonoid-mediated resistance to Rhizoctonia solani in roots of Medicago truncatula","volume":"30","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.113.229575","article-title":"The wheat ethylene response factor transcription factor pathogen-induced ERF1 mediates host responses to both the necrotrophic pathogen Rhizoctonia cerealis and freezing stresses","volume":"164","author":"Zhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7601575","article-title":"Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato hijacks the Arabidopsis abscisic acid signalling pathway to cause disease","volume":"26","author":"Truman","year":"2007","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.106.048041","article-title":"ABA is an essential signal for plant resistance to pathogens affecting JA biosynthesis and the activation of defenses in Arabidopsis","volume":"19","author":"Adie","year":"2007","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1890\/02-0710","article-title":"Interactions between abscisic-acid-mediated responses and plant resistance to pathogens and insects","volume":"85","author":"Thaler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.010605","article-title":"Abscisic acid determines basal susceptibility of tomato to Botrytis cinerea and suppresses salicylic acid-dependent signaling mechanisms","volume":"128","author":"Audenaert","year":"2002","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3059.2006.01340.x","article-title":"Influence of drought, salt stress and abscisic acid on the resistance of tomato to Botrytis cinerea and Oidium neolycopersici","volume":"55","author":"Achuo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1364-3703.2007.00437.x","article-title":"Abscisic acid deficiency leads to rapid activation of tomato defence responses upon infection with Erwinia chrysanthemi","volume":"9","author":"Asselbergh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1678","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.107.054296","article-title":"Antagonistic interaction between systemic acquired resistance and the abscisic acid\u2013mediated abiotic stress response in Arabidopsis","volume":"20","author":"Yasuda","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI-06-12-0164-R","article-title":"The AvrB_AvrC domain of AvrXccC of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris is required to elicit plant defense responses and manipulate ABA homeostasis","volume":"26","author":"Ho","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Plant Microbe Interact."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1007\/s11103-008-9435-0","article-title":"Role of plant hormones in plant defence responses","volume":"69","author":"Bari","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plant Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Deng, D., Ding, H., Xu, X., Zhang, R., Wang, S., Bian, Y., Yin, Z., and Chen, Y. (2013). Gibberellin biosynthetic deficiency is responsible for maize dominant Dwarf11 (D11) mutant phenotype: Physiological and transcriptomic evidence. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0066466"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1093\/mp\/ssu050","article-title":"Connecting growth and defense: The emerging roles of brassinosteroids and gibberellins in plant innate immunity","volume":"7","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Plant"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.009159","article-title":"NPR1 modulates cross-talk between salicylate-and jasmonate-dependent defense pathways through a novel function in the cytosol","volume":"15","author":"Spoel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008747926678","article-title":"Rhizobacteria-mediated induced systemic resistance: Triggering, signalling and expression","volume":"107","author":"Pieterse","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. J. Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6523","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.11.6523","article-title":"Interaction of NPR1 with basic leucine zipper protein transcription factors that bind sequences required for salicylic acid induction of the PR-1 gene","volume":"96","author":"Zhang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2011.06.007","article-title":"Heterologous expression of OsWRKY6 gene in Arabidopsis activates the expression of defense related genes and enhances resistance to pathogens","volume":"181","author":"Hwang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2064","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.106.046250","article-title":"Rice WRKY45 plays a crucial role in benzothiadiazole-inducible blast resistance","volume":"19","author":"Shimono","year":"2007","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.109.145623","article-title":"A pair of allelic WRKY genes play opposite roles in rice-bacteria interactions","volume":"151","author":"Tao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1111\/pbi.12303","article-title":"Development of disease-resistant rice by optimized expression of WRKY45","volume":"13","author":"Goto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plant Biotechnol. J."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s12284-014-0038-x","article-title":"Transcriptome-based analysis of mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades in the rice response to Xanthomonas oryzae infection","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rice"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e24510","DOI":"10.4161\/psb.24510","article-title":"MAP kinases phosphorylate rice WRKY45","volume":"8","author":"Ueno","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plant Signal. Behav."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.13674","article-title":"MAPK kinase 10.2 promotes disease resistance and drought tolerance by activating different MAPKs in rice","volume":"92","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-phyto-082712-102314","article-title":"MAPK cascades in plant disease resistance signaling","volume":"51","author":"Meng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Phytopathol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.18.01411","article-title":"A group D MAPK protects plants from autotoxicity by suppressing herbivore-induced defense signaling","volume":"179","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liao, J.-L., Zhou, H.-W., Peng, Q., Zhong, P.-A., Zhang, H.-Y., He, C., and Huang, Y.-J. (2015). Transcriptome changes in rice (Oryza sativa L.) in response to high night temperature stress at the early milky stage. BMC Genom., 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-015-1222-0"},{"key":"ref_76","unstructured":"Andrews, S. (2010). FastQC: A Quality Control Tool for High Throughput Sequence Data, Babraham Bioinformatics, Babraham Institute."},{"key":"ref_77","unstructured":"Krueger, F. (2015). Trim Galore. A wrapper tool around Cutadapt and FastQC to consistently apply quality and adapter trimming to FastQ files. Babraham Bioinform., Available online: https:\/\/www.bioinformatics.babraham.ac.uk\/projects\/trim_galore\/."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0201-4","article-title":"Graph-based genome alignment and genotyping with HISAT2 and HISAT-genotype","volume":"37","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8","article-title":"Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2","volume":"15","author":"Love","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jan, R., Khan, M.-A., Asaf, S., Waqas, M., Park, J.-R., Asif, S., Kim, N., Lee, I.-J., and Kim, K.-M. (2022). Drought and UV Radiation Stress Tolerance in Rice Is Improved by Overaccumulation of Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Flavonoids. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11050917"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/23\/23\/15308\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:33:58Z","timestamp":1760146438000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/23\/23\/15308"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,4]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms232315308"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms232315308","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,4]]}}}