{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T11:53:01Z","timestamp":1783338781881,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]],"date-time":"2022-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences","award":["25-LZIHPS-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25-LZIHPS-05"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences","award":["CARS-37"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-37"]}]},{"name":"CARS","award":["25-LZIHPS-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25-LZIHPS-05"]}]},{"name":"CARS","award":["CARS-37"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-37"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Piceatannol (PIC) is a natural stilbene extracted from grape skins that exhibits biological activities such as antibacterial, antitumor, and antioxidant activities. The present study was carried out to further investigate the effect of PIC on the antibacterial activity of different antibiotics and to reveal the antibacterial mechanism of PIC. We found that PIC had an inhibitory effect against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus); its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were 128 \u03bcg\/mL and 256 \u03bcg\/ mL, respectively. Additionally, we measured the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) of PIC combined with antibiotics via the checkerboard method. The results showed that when PIC and ciprofloxacin (CIP) were combined, they displayed a synergistic effect against S. aureus. Moreover, this synergistic effect was verified by time\u2013kill assays. Further, the results of the membrane permeability assay and proton motive force assay revealed that PIC could enhance the sensitivity of S. aureus to CIP by dissipating the bacterial proton motive force (PMF), particularly the \u2206\u03c8 component, rather than increasing membrane permeability. PIC also inhibited bacterial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis and was less likely to induce bacterial resistance but exhibited slight hemolytic activity on mammalian erythrocytes. In summary, the combination of PIC and CIP is expected to become a new drug combination to combat S. aureus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232315341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]],"date-time":"2022-12-05T11:02:10Z","timestamp":1670238130000},"page":"15341","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Mechanism of Synergy between Piceatannol and Ciprofloxacin against Staphylococcus aureus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7029-9341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mengyan","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou 730050, China"},{"name":"Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6855-8524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yubin","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou 730050, China"},{"name":"Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanhua","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou 730050, China"},{"name":"Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinxin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou 730050, China"},{"name":"Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zikang","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou 730050, China"},{"name":"Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingling","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou 730050, China"},{"name":"Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fusheng","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou 730050, China"},{"name":"Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou 730050, China"},{"name":"Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3955(16)38982-9","article-title":"Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococci","volume":"42","author":"Moreira","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pediatr. 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