{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T05:44:20Z","timestamp":1790401460599,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]],"date-time":"2022-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670284800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003712","name":"Korea Food Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["E0210202-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E0210202-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003712","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"BK21FOUR 21st Century of Medical Science Creative Human Resource Development Center","award":["E0210202-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E0210202-02"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A new terminology \u201ccombined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome (CARAS)\u201d was introduced to describe patients suffering from both allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma. The pathogenesis of allergic airway inflammation has been well known, with the main contribution of TH1\/TH2 imbalance and mast cell degranulation. Artemisia gmelinii has been used as an herbal medicine with its hepaprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. In this study, the effect of A. gmelinii extracts (AGE) on the ovalbumin (OVA)-induced CARAS mouse model was investigated. AGE administration significantly alleviated the nasal rubbing and sneezing, markedly down-regulated both OVA-specific IgE, IgG1, and histamine levels, and up-regulated OVA-specific IgG2a in serum. The altered histology of nasal and lung tissues of CARAS mice was effectively ameliorated by AGE. The AGE treatment group showed markedly increased levels of the TH1 cytokine interleukin (IL)-12 and TH1 transcription factor T-bet. In contrast, the levels of the TH2 cytokines, including IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and the TH2 transcription factor GATA-3, were notably suppressed by AGE. Moreover, AGE effectively prevented mast cell degranulation in vitro and mast cell infiltration in lung tissues in vivo. Based on these results, we suggest that AGE could be a potential therapeutic agent in OVA-induced CARAS by virtue of its role in balancing the TH1\/TH2 homeostasis and inhibiting the mast cell degranulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232315377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]],"date-time":"2022-12-06T02:55:39Z","timestamp":1670295339000},"page":"15377","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Artemisia gmelinii Extract Alleviates Allergic Airway Inflammation via Balancing TH1\/TH2 Homeostasis and Inhibiting Mast Cell Degranulation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1013-8527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thi Van","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0638-2885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chun Hua","family":"Piao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan Jing","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen Nan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"So-Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang Ho","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Institute for Medical Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0942-7161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hee Soon","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2889-9743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ok Hee","family":"Chai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Institute for Medical Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/s40521-018-0190-4","article-title":"Primary Prevention of Airway Allergy","volume":"5","author":"Wiksten","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. 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