{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T19:13:54Z","timestamp":1792178034391,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":122,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]],"date-time":"2022-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670284800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["21871065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21871065"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["22071038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22071038"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["22205007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22205007"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["HITTY-20190033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HITTY-20190033"]}]},{"name":"Heilongjiang Touyan Team","award":["21871065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21871065"]}]},{"name":"Heilongjiang Touyan Team","award":["22071038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22071038"]}]},{"name":"Heilongjiang Touyan Team","award":["22205007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22205007"]}]},{"name":"Heilongjiang Touyan Team","award":["HITTY-20190033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HITTY-20190033"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The development of non-noble metal-based electrocatalysts with high performance for hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction is highly desirable in advancing electrocatalytic water-splitting technology but proves to be challenging. One promising way to improve the catalytic activity is to tailor the d-band center. This approach can facilitate the adsorption of intermediates and promote the formation of active species on surfaces. This review summarizes the role and development of the d-band center of materials based on iron-series metals used in electrocatalytic water splitting. It mainly focuses on the influence of the change in the d-band centers of different composites of iron-based materials on the performance of electrocatalysis. First, the iron-series compounds that are commonly used in electrocatalytic water splitting are summarized. Then, the main factors affecting the electrocatalytic performances of these materials are described. Furthermore, the relationships among the above factors and the d-band centers of materials based on iron-series metals and the d-band center theory are introduced. Finally, conclusions and perspectives on remaining challenges and future directions are given. Such information can be helpful for adjusting the active centers of catalysts and improving electrochemical efficiencies in future works.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232315405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]],"date-time":"2022-12-07T01:47:46Z","timestamp":1670377666000},"page":"15405","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Mastering the D-Band Center of Iron-Series Metal-Based Electrocatalysts for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Water Splitting"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Ma\u2019anshan 243002, China"},{"name":"MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2278-606X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adel","family":"Al-Salihy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siwei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1516-4986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ping","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3688","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.7b04286","article-title":"Anion-Containing Noble-Metal-Free Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Overall Water Splitting","volume":"8","author":"Xiong","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.1c10544","article-title":"Two-Dimensional Conjugated Metal\u2013Organic Frameworks for Electrocatalysis: Opportunities and Challenges","volume":"16","author":"Zhong","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10834","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c05482","article-title":"Rational Design of Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Carbide\/Nitride (MXene) Hybrids and Nanocomposites for Catalytic Energy Storage and Conversion","volume":"14","author":"Lim","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2021.06.191","article-title":"Recent Development in Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Production through Water Electrolysis","volume":"46","author":"Anwar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. 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