{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T22:41:23Z","timestamp":1793313683660,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":145,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]],"date-time":"2022-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ricerca Finalizzata del Ministero della Salute Italiana","award":["PE-2016-02361261(NG)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE-2016-02361261(NG)"]}]},{"name":"Ricerca Finalizzata del Ministero della Salute Italiana","award":["24932"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24932"]}]},{"name":"Ricerca Finalizzata del Ministero della Salute Italiana","award":["Paula and Rodeger Riney Foundation Translational Research Grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Paula and Rodeger Riney Foundation Translational Research Grant"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007076","name":"Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation (PS)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PE-2016-02361261(NG)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE-2016-02361261(NG)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007076","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007076","name":"Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation (PS)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24932"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24932"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007076","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007076","name":"Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation (PS)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Paula and Rodeger Riney Foundation Translational Research Grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Paula and Rodeger Riney Foundation Translational Research Grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007076","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"International Myeloma Society (IMS)","award":["PE-2016-02361261(NG)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE-2016-02361261(NG)"]}]},{"name":"International Myeloma Society (IMS)","award":["24932"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24932"]}]},{"name":"International Myeloma Society (IMS)","award":["Paula and Rodeger Riney Foundation Translational Research Grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Paula and Rodeger Riney Foundation Translational Research Grant"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Multiple myeloma (MM) is a monoclonal gammopathy characterized by biological heterogeneity and unregulated proliferation of plasma cells (PCs) in bone marrow (BM). MM is a multistep process based on genomic instability, epigenetic dysregulation and a tight cross-talk with the BM microenvironment that plays a pivotal role supporting the proliferation, survival, drug-resistance and homing of PCs. The BM microenvironment consists of a hematopoietic and a non-hematopoietic compartment, which cooperate to create a tumor environment. Among the non-hematopoietic component, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and osteoblasts (OBs) appear transcriptionally and functionally different in MM patients compared to healthy donors (HDs) and to patients with pre-malignant monoclonal gammopathies. Alterations of both MSCs and OBs underly the osteolytic lesions that characterize myeloma-associated bone disease. In this review, we will discuss the different characteristics of MSCs and OBs in MM patients, analyzing the transcriptome, the deregulated molecular pathways and the role performed by miRNAs and exosome in the pathophysiology of MM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232415448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]],"date-time":"2022-12-07T01:47:46Z","timestamp":1670377666000},"page":"15448","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Molecular Features of the Mesenchymal and Osteoblastic Cells in Multiple Myeloma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4793-6378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas Thomas","family":"Iannozzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8536-5409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Marchica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Toscani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9094-2370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Burroughs Garc\u00eca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3457-3774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Giuliani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy"},{"name":"Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8014-8205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"Storti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00135-5","article-title":"Multiple myeloma","volume":"397","author":"Pawlyn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17046","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.46","article-title":"Multiple myeloma","volume":"3","author":"Kumar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. 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