{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:37:05Z","timestamp":1791920225429,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]],"date-time":"2022-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Stem cell transplantation is historically understood as a powerful preclinical therapeutic following stroke models. Current clinical strategies including clot busting\/retrieval are limited by their time windows (tissue plasminogen activator: 3\u20134 h) and inevitable reperfusion injuries. However, 24+ h post-stroke, stem cells reduce infarction size, improve neurobehavioral performance, and reduce inflammatory agents including interleukins. Typically, interleukin-6 (IL-6) is regarded as proinflammatory, and thus, preclinical studies often discuss it as beneficial for neurological recuperation when stem cells reduce IL-6\u2032s expression. However, some studies have also demonstrated neurological benefit with upregulation of IL-6 or preconditioning of stem cells with IL-6. This review specifically focuses on stem cells and IL-6, and their occasionally disparate, occasionally synergistic roles in the setting of ischemic cerebrovascular insults.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232415453","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]],"date-time":"2022-12-07T02:18:48Z","timestamp":1670379528000},"page":"15453","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Probing Interleukin-6 in Stroke Pathology and Neural Stem Cell Transplantation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5016-209X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gavin Miles","family":"Lockard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6986-788X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Alayli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Molly","family":"Monsour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9161-5160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonah","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Schimmel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bassel","family":"Elsayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2966-9782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cesar V.","family":"Borlongan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"3238165","article-title":"Stroke in the 21(st) Century: A Snapshot of the Burden, Epidemiology, and Quality of Life","volume":"2018","author":"Donkor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stroke Res. 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