{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T19:47:48Z","timestamp":1790624868359,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]],"date-time":"2022-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fibromyalgia (FM) represents a condition that is still controversial in its entity, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management. The aim of this review is to focus on imaging aspects of FM, especially on novel approaches in molecular imaging, with a special focus on neuroimaging. Novel functional and molecular imaging findings may represent, eventually, future biomarkers both in research settings and in terms of clinical practice. Several imaging techniques have already been tested in clinical trials in the FM field, including functional MRI, positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with 18F-FDG in FM, PET imaging of the dopaminergic system, PET imaging of the GABAergic system, PET imaging with neuroinflammation and neuroimmune parameters, PET imaging of the opioid system and H215O-PET activation studies. Therefore, the potential role in the FM field of fMRI and different PET tracers has been discussed in different settings, serving as a comprehensive guide of novel imaging options both in research and in the clinical field.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232415519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]],"date-time":"2022-12-08T01:44:31Z","timestamp":1670463871000},"page":"15519","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Novel Approaches in Molecular Imaging and Neuroimaging of Fibromyalgia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9277-6337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Ricci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine Unit, Cardarelli Hospital, 86100 Campobasso, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0533-2947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Cimini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine Unit, St. Salvatore Hospital, 67100 L\u2019Aquila, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Rosaria","family":"Grivet Fojaja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine Unit, Cardarelli Hospital, 86100 Campobasso, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariacristina","family":"Ullo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine Unit, Cardarelli Hospital, 86100 Campobasso, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Carabellese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine Unit, Cardarelli Hospital, 86100 Campobasso, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viviana","family":"Frantellizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomo-Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6189-5328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ennio","family":"Lubrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1744806918819944","DOI":"10.1177\/1744806918819944","article-title":"Fibromyalgia: Genetics and epigenetics insights may provide the basis for the development of diagnostic biomarkers","volume":"15","author":"Gerra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. 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