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For the preparation of stable, biocompatible, and small-sized compacted Au@16-Ph-16\/DNA\u2013Doxo nanotransporters, the conditions for the DNA\u2013Doxo compaction process induced by gold nanoparticles were first explored using fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism and atomic force microscopy techniques. The reverse process, which is fundamental for Doxo liberation at the site of action, was found to occur at higher CAu@16-Ph-16 concentrations using these techniques. Zeta potential, dynamic light scattering and UV\u2013visible spectroscopy reveal that the prepared compacted nanosystems are stable, highly charged and of adequate size for the effective delivery of Doxo to the cell. This fact is verified by in vitro biocompatibility and internalization studies using two prostate cancer-derived cell lines (LNCaP and DU145) and one hepatocellular carcinoma-derived cell line (SNU-387), as well as a non-tumor prostate (PNT2) cell line and a non-hepatocarcinoma hepatoblastoma cell line (Hep-G2) model used as a control in liver cells. However, the most outstanding results of this work are derived from the use of the CI+NI combined treatments which present strong action in cancer-derived cell lines, while a protective effect is observed in non-tumor cell lines. Hence, novel therapeutic targets based on gold nanoparticles denote high selectivity compared to conventional treatment based on free Doxo at the same concentration. The results obtained show the viability of both the proposed methodology for internalization of compacted nanocomplexes inside the cell and the effectiveness of the possible treatment and minimization of side effects in prostate and liver cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232415575","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]],"date-time":"2022-12-09T01:51:26Z","timestamp":1670550686000},"page":"15575","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Gold Nanosystems Covered with Doxorubicin\/DNA Complexes: A Therapeutic Target for Prostate and Liver Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9495-1047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa M.","family":"Gir\u00e1ldez-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1397-6104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elia","family":"Grueso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio J.","family":"Montero-Hidalgo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7585-1913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ra\u00fal M.","family":"Luque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5118-6472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"Carnerero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edyta","family":"Kuliszewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemtra, 47-300 Krapkowize, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5959-9810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Prado-Gotor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E359","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29210","article-title":"Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: Sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012","volume":"136","author":"Ferlay","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. 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