{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T18:26:22Z","timestamp":1789583182742,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]],"date-time":"2022-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"Hillside Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIH RO1-EY105304"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH RO1-EY105304"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is the most common cause of sudden optic nerve (ON)-related vision loss in humans. Study of this disease has been limited by the lack of available tissue and difficulties in evaluating both treatments and the window of effectiveness after symptom onset. The rodent nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy model (rNAION) closely resembles clinical NAION in its pathophysiological changes and physiological responses. The rNAION model enables analysis of the specific responses to sudden ischemic axonopathy and effectiveness of potential treatments. However, there are anatomic and genetic differences between human and rodent ON, and the inducing factors for the disease and the model are different. These variables can result in marked differences in lesion development between the two species, as well as in the possible responses to various treatments. These caveats are discussed in the current article, as well as some of the species-associated differences that may be related to ischemic lesion severity and responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232415604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]],"date-time":"2022-12-09T04:46:46Z","timestamp":1670561206000},"page":"15604","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration Strategies Using the rNAION Model: Theory, Histology, Problems, Results and Analytical Approaches"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7758-0136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven L.","family":"Bernstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Maryland at Baltimore School of Medicine, 10 S. Pine St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland at Baltimore School of Medicine, 10 S. Pine St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Maryland at Baltimore School of Medicine, 10 S. Pine St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zara","family":"Mehrabian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Maryland at Baltimore School of Medicine, 10 S. Pine St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil R.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(03)00804-2","article-title":"The morphology of an infarct in nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy","volume":"110","author":"Tesser","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(99)90159-8","article-title":"Analysis of prothrombotic and vascular risk factors in patients with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy","volume":"106","author":"Salomon","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2014.144","article-title":"Current concepts in the diagnosis, pathogenesis and management of nonarteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy","volume":"29","author":"Miller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S19","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0b013e3182934a0f","article-title":"Compartment syndromes of the optic nerve and open-angle glaucoma","volume":"22","author":"Killer","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Glaucoma."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4153","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-0274","article-title":"Functional and cellular responses in a novel rodent model of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy","volume":"44","author":"Bernstein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2716","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.04-0547","article-title":"Oligodendrocyte Dysfunction Following Induction of Experimental Anterior Optic Nerve Ischemia","volume":"46","author":"Guo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2985","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-1651","article-title":"A Primate Model of Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (pNAION)","volume":"49","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02426","article-title":"Genome sequence of the Brown Norway rat yields insights into mammalian evolution","volume":"428","author":"Gibbs","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.2174\/1566524043479220","article-title":"White matter injury mechanisms","volume":"4","author":"Stys","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.32.2.570","article-title":"Calcium antagonists for ischemic stroke: A systematic review","volume":"32","author":"Horn","year":"2001","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-10-121","article-title":"Expressed sequence tag analysis of adult human optic nerve for NEIBank: Identification of cell type and tissue markers","volume":"10","author":"Bernstein","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-17880","article-title":"Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Swelling Predicts Peripapillary Atrophy in a Primate Model of Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy","volume":"57","author":"Johnson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-5247","article-title":"Changes in cholinergic amacrine cells after rodent anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (rAION)","volume":"52","author":"Bernstein","year":"2011","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2018.12.007","article-title":"Optic nerve head width and retinal nerve fiber layer changes are proper indexes for validating the successful induction of experimental anterior ischemic optic neuropathy","volume":"181","author":"Kapupara","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4087","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-0171","article-title":"Optic Disc Evaluation by Optical Coherence Tomography in Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy","volume":"48","author":"Contreras","year":"2007","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, Y., Mehrabian, Z., Johnson, M.A., Miller, N.R., Henderson, A.D., Hamlyn, J., and Bernstein, S.L. (2021). Biomarkers of lesion severity in a rodent model of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (rNAION). PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0243186"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(00)00081-X","article-title":"Behavioral assessment of visual acuity in mice and rats","volume":"40","author":"Prusky","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vis. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(02)00126-2","article-title":"Variation in visual acuity within pigmented, and between pigmented and albino rat strains","volume":"136","author":"Prusky","year":"2002","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yun, H., Lathrop, K.L., Yang, E., Sun, M., Kagemann, L., Fu, V., Stolz, D.B., Schuman, J.S., and Du, Y. (2014). A Laser-Induced Mouse Model with Long-Term Intraocular Pressure Elevation. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0107446"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7739","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-15388","article-title":"LHON Gene Therapy Vector Prevents Visual Loss and Optic Neuropathy Induced by G11778A Mutant Mitochondrial DNA: Biodistribution and Toxicology Profile","volume":"55","author":"Koilkonda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.10.14.12","article-title":"Anti-NOGO Antibody Neuroprotection in a Rat Model of NAION","volume":"10","author":"Johnson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl. Vis. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mehrabian, Z., Guo, Y., Miller, N.R., Henderson, A.D., Roth, S., and Bernstein, S.L. (2021). Approaches to Potentiated Neuroprotective Treatment in the Rodent Model of Ischemic Optic Neuropathy. Cells, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10061440"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489.2015.1012276","article-title":"Mechanisms of programmed cell death signaling in hair cells and support cells post-electrode insertion trauma","volume":"135","author":"Eshraghi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Oto-Laryngol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3753","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2518-17.2018","article-title":"Convergence and Divergence of CRH Amacrine Cells in Mouse Retinal Circuitry","volume":"38","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199509000-00019","article-title":"Focal cerebral ischemia induces CRH mRNA in rat cerebral cortex and amygdala","volume":"6","author":"Wong","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2021.109953","article-title":"Regulation of dual leucine zipper kinase activity through its interaction with calcineurin","volume":"82","author":"Kutschenko","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1080\/02713680801932891","article-title":"Increased plasma and optic nerve levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha, and MIP-2 following induction of ischemic optic neuropathy in mice","volume":"33","author":"Avraham","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a016295","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a016295","article-title":"IL-6 in inflammation, immunity, and disease","volume":"6","author":"Tanaka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nicholson, J.D., Puche, A.C., Guo, Y., Weinreich, D., Slater, B.J., and Bernstein, S.L. (2012). PGJ2 Provides Prolonged CNS Stroke Protection by Reducing White Matter Edema. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0050021"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7047","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-14063","article-title":"Sustained Neuroprotection from a Single Intravitreal Injection of PGJ2 in a Non-Human Primate Model of Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy","volume":"55","author":"Miller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Investig. Ophth. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4844","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.9.4844","article-title":"15-deoxy-delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibits multiple steps in the NF-kappa B signaling pathway","volume":"97","author":"Straus","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2526","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.482216","article-title":"Sulfonylureas improve outcome in patients with type 2 diabetes and acute ischemic stroke","volume":"38","author":"Kunte","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2007.10.004","article-title":"Drugs acting on SUR1 to treat CNS ischemia and trauma","volume":"8","author":"Simard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2018.5986","article-title":"Sulfonylurea Receptor 1, Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Subfamily M Member 4, and KIR6.2:Role in Hemorrhagic Progression of Contusion","volume":"36","author":"Gerzanich","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nicholson, J.D., Guo, Y., and Bernstein, S.L. (2016). SUR1-Associated Mechanisms Are Not Involved in Ischemic Optic Neuropathy 1 Day Post-Injury. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0148855"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"aaf3646","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf3646","article-title":"Immune modulation by MANF promotes tissue repair and regenerative success in the retina","volume":"353","author":"Neves","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4403","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI77398","article-title":"Astrocyte-derived lipoxins A4 and B4 promote neuroprotection from acute and chronic injury","volume":"127","author":"Wei","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20160412","article-title":"Optic nerve astrocyte reactivity protects function in experimental glaucoma and other nerve injuries","volume":"214","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0705442","article-title":"Brief, repeated, oxygen-glucose deprivation episodes protect neurotransmission from a longer ischemic episode in the in vitro hippocampus: Role of adenosine receptors","volume":"140","author":"Pugliese","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.121.036396","article-title":"Adenosine A1R\/A3R (Adenosine A1 and A3 Receptor) Agonist AST-004 Reduces Brain Infarction in a Nonhuman Primate Model of Stroke","volume":"53","author":"Liston","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.10281","article-title":"Oligodendrocytes express functional A1 adenosine receptors that stimulate cellular migration","volume":"44","author":"Othman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3906","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.11.3906","article-title":"Endogenous adenosine and adenosine receptors localized to ganglion cells of the retina","volume":"84","author":"Braas","year":"1987","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8108","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-17202","article-title":"Adenosine A1 Receptors Selectively Modulate Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy at the Hyperoxic and Hypoxic Phases by Distinct Cellular Mechanisms","volume":"56","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.04.017","article-title":"Noninvasive limb remote ischemic preconditioning contributes neuroprotective effects via activation of adenosine A1 receptor and redox status after transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats","volume":"1459","author":"Hu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.8.6.47","article-title":"Topical Trabodenoson Is Neuroprotective in a Rodent Model of Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (rNAION)","volume":"8","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl. Vis. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.12.075","article-title":"Optic nerve infarction and post-ischemic inflammation in the rodent model of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (rAION)","volume":"1264","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-008-0805-8","article-title":"Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy: Role of systemic corticosteroid therapy","volume":"246","author":"Hayreh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-012-1995-7","article-title":"Visual and anatomical outcomes of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy with high-dose systemic corticosteroids","volume":"251","author":"Rebolleda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.03.032","article-title":"Steroids versus No Steroids in Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"125","author":"Saxena","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"381","article-title":"Visual outcome of patients following NAION after treatment with adjunctive fluocortolone","volume":"32","author":"Prokosch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Restor. Neurol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"1193","article-title":"Early applications of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) can stabilize the blood-optic-nerve barrier and ameliorate inflammation in a rat model of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (rAION)","volume":"9","author":"Wen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dis. Model Mech."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-21017","article-title":"Early Methylprednisolone Treatment Can Stabilize the Blood-Optic Nerve Barrier in a Rat Model of Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (rAION)","volume":"58","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0000000000000639","article-title":"Intravitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide Injection in a Rodent Model of Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy","volume":"38","author":"Pereira","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neuroophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2007.12.001","article-title":"Immunosuppression after traumatic or ischemic CNS damage: It is neuroprotective and illuminates the role of microglial cells","volume":"84","author":"Hailer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2016.12.010","article-title":"Differential effects of minocycline on microglial activation and neurodegeneration following closed head injury in the neonate rat","volume":"290","author":"Hanlon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.124.4.520","article-title":"Minocycline delays death of retinal ganglion cells in experimental glaucoma and after optic nerve transection","volume":"124","author":"Melamed","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"5736","article-title":"Minocycline as a neuroprotective agent in a rodent model of NAION","volume":"55","author":"Fel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Investig. Ophth. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"963","article-title":"Oligodendrocyte death, neuroinflammation, and the effects of minocycline in a rodent model of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (rNAION)","volume":"23","author":"Mehrabian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4340","article-title":"Neural activity promotes long-distance, target-specific regeneration of adult retinal axons","volume":"19","author":"Lim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-019-0345-1","article-title":"Targeted disruption of dual leucine zipper kinase and leucine zipper kinase promotes neuronal survival in a model of diffuse traumatic brain injury","volume":"14","author":"Welsbie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2001858117","article-title":"The optic nerve lamina region is a neural progenitor cell niche","volume":"117","author":"Bernstein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/23\/24\/15604\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:37:05Z","timestamp":1760146625000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/23\/24\/15604"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms232415604"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms232415604","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]]}}}