{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T23:30:15Z","timestamp":1779924615341,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,10]],"date-time":"2022-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"AACR","award":["2014-AACR -Aflac"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014-AACR -Aflac"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Histone deacetylase inhibitors show synergy with several genotoxic drugs. Herein, we investigated the biological impact of the combined treatment of panobinostat and melphalan in multiple myeloma (MM). DNA damage response (DDR) parameters and the expression of DDR-associated genes were analyzed in bone marrow plasma cells (BMPCs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 26 newly diagnosed MM patients. PBMCs from 25 healthy controls (HC) were examined in parallel. Compared with the ex vivo melphalan-only treatment, combined treatment with panobinostat and melphalan significantly reduced the efficiency of nucleotide excision repair (NER) and double-strand-break repair (DSB\/R), enhanced the accumulation of DNA lesions (monoadducts and DSBs), and increased the apoptosis rate only in patients\u2019 BMPCs (all p &lt; 0.001); marginal changes were observed in PBMCs from the same patients or HC. Accordingly, panobinostat pre-treatment decreased the expression levels of critical NER (DDB2, XPC) and DSB\/R (MRE11A, PRKDC\/DNAPKc, RAD50, XRCC6\/Ku70) genes only in patients\u2019 BMPCs; no significant changes were observed in PBMCs from patients or HC. Together, our findings demonstrate that panobinostat significantly increased the melphalan sensitivity of malignant BMPCs without increasing the melphalan sensitivity of PBMCs from the same patients, thus paving the way for combination therapies in MM with improved anti-myeloma efficacy and lower side effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232415671","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T01:42:27Z","timestamp":1670809347000},"page":"15671","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Combination of Panobinostat and Melphalan for the Treatment of Patients with Multiple Myeloma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Gkotzamanidou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Department, 251 Hellenic Air-Force General Hospital, 155 61 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5133-1422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evangelos","family":"Terpos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 28 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8990-3254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meletios A.","family":"Dimopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 28 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2945-1329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vassilis L.","family":"Souliotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 116 35 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17046","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.46","article-title":"Multiple myeloma","volume":"3","author":"Kumar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. 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