{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T15:28:25Z","timestamp":1792337305424,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,10]],"date-time":"2022-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["\uff082572020BK02\uff09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\uff082572020BK02\uff09"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["(LH2021C017)."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(LH2021C017)."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural Fund Project of Heilongjiang Province","award":["\uff082572020BK02\uff09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\uff082572020BK02\uff09"]}]},{"name":"Natural Fund Project of Heilongjiang Province","award":["(LH2021C017)."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(LH2021C017)."]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL, E.C.4.3.1.5) catalyzes the benzene propane metabolism and is the most extensively studied enzyme of the phenylpropanoid pathway. However, the role of PAL genes in Astragalus membranaceus, a non-model plant showing high capability toward abiotic stress, is less studied. Here, we cloned AmPAL and found that it encodes a protein that resides in the cytoplasmic membrane. The mRNA of AmPAL was strongly induced by NaCl or NaHCO3 treatment, especially in the root. Overexpressing AmPAL in Nicotiana tabacum resulted in higher PAL enzyme activities, lower levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), and better root elongation in the seedlings under stress treatment compared to the control plants. The protective role of AmPAL under saline-alkali stress was also observed in 30-day soil-grown plants, which showed higher levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), proline, and chlorophyll compared to wild-type N. Tabacum. Collectively, we provide evidence that AmPAL is responsive to multiple abiotic stresses and that manipulating the expression of AmPAL can be used to increase the tolerance to adverse environmental factors in plants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232415686","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T01:42:27Z","timestamp":1670809347000},"page":"15686","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["A Protective Role of Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase from Astragalus membranaceus against Saline-Alkali Stress"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Lijuan","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gongfa","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guiling","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaoqian","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wangbin","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Songquan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9438-1427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qingjie","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field (SAVER), Ministry of Education, Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center (ASNESC), Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2692","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)61721-7","article-title":"The Metabolism of Aromatic Compounds in Higher Plants: IV. purification and properties of the phenylalanine deaminase of hordeum vulgare","volume":"236","author":"Koukol","year":"1961","journal-title":"J. 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