{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T13:49:14Z","timestamp":1785246554436,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":143,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,11]],"date-time":"2022-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Theme-Based Research Scheme of the Research Grant Council of Hong Kong SAR","award":["T13-602\/21-N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T13-602\/21-N"]}]},{"name":"Theme-Based Research Scheme of the Research Grant Council of Hong Kong SAR","award":["6905077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6905077"]}]},{"name":"Theme-Based Research Scheme of the Research Grant Council of Hong Kong SAR","award":["06170476"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["06170476"]}]},{"name":"Theme-Based Research Scheme of the Research Grant Council of Hong Kong SAR","award":["17180701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17180701"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005847","name":"Lo Kwee Seong Start-Up Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T13-602\/21-N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T13-602\/21-N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005847","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005847","name":"Lo Kwee Seong Start-Up Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6905077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6905077"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005847","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005847","name":"Lo Kwee Seong Start-Up Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["06170476"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["06170476"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005847","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005847","name":"Lo Kwee Seong Start-Up Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17180701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17180701"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005847","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Apart from the paternal half of the genetic material, the male gamete carries assorted epigenetic marks for optimal fertilization and the developmental trajectory for the early embryo. Recent works showed dynamic changes in small noncoding RNA (sncRNA) in spermatozoa as they transit through the testicular environment to the epididymal segments. Studies demonstrated the changes to be mediated by epididymosomes during the transit through the adluminal duct in the epididymis, and the changes in sperm sncRNA content stemmed from environmental insults significantly altering the early embryo development and predisposing the offspring to metabolic disorders. Here, we review the current knowledge on the establishment of the sperm sncRNA transcriptome and their role in male-factor infertility, evidence of altered offspring health in response to the paternal life experiences through sperm sncRNA species and, finally, their implications in assisted reproductive technology in terms of epigenetic inheritance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232415716","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T01:42:27Z","timestamp":1670809347000},"page":"15716","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The Sperm Small RNA Transcriptome: Implications beyond Reproductive Disorder"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Sze Yan","family":"Chan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Crystal Wing Tung","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4303-8925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tin Yu Samuel","family":"Law","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David Yiu Leung","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3038-1337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ellis Kin Lam","family":"Fok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"},{"name":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610017, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.1993.tb01156.x","article-title":"Histological and Histopathological Evaluation of the Testis","volume":"16","author":"Russell","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int. 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