{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T18:41:14Z","timestamp":1788374474621,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]],"date-time":"2022-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFD1302103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFD1302103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CARS-37"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-37"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25-LZIHPS-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25-LZIHPS-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21JR7RA029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21JR7RA029"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA","award":["2022YFD1302103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFD1302103"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA","award":["CARS-37"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-37"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA","award":["25-LZIHPS-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25-LZIHPS-01"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA","award":["21JR7RA029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21JR7RA029"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences","award":["2022YFD1302103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFD1302103"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences","award":["CARS-37"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-37"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences","award":["25-LZIHPS-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25-LZIHPS-01"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences","award":["21JR7RA029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21JR7RA029"]}]},{"name":"Gansu Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2022YFD1302103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFD1302103"]}]},{"name":"Gansu Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["CARS-37"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-37"]}]},{"name":"Gansu Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["25-LZIHPS-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25-LZIHPS-01"]}]},{"name":"Gansu Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["21JR7RA029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21JR7RA029"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cattle-yak, a crossbreed of yak and cattle, which can exhibit obvious heterosis and can adapt to the harsh environmental conditions of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau (QTP). However, F1 cattle-yak were found to be sterile because they were unable to produce sperm, which adversely restricted the fixation of heterosis. Many prior attempts have been made to decipher the mechanism underlying the spermatogenesis stagnation of cattle-yak. However, the open chromatin region (OCR) map of yak and cattle-yak testes has not been generated yet. Here, we have analyzed the OCRs landscape of testicular tissues of cattle-yak and yaks by performing ATAC-seq technology. The OCRs of cattle-yak and yak testes displayed similar genome distribution and showed priority in intergenic regions, introns and promoters. The pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the differential OCRs-related genes were involved in spermatogenesis, involving the cell cycle, as well as Hippo, mTOR, MAPK, Notch, and Wnt signaling pathways. The integration of ATAC-seq and mRNA-seq indicated that the majority of the gene expression levels were positively correlated with chromatin openness. At the same time, we have identified a number of transcription factors (TFs) related to spermatogenesis and the differential expression of these TFs may contribute to the spermatogenesis stagnation of the cattle-yak. Overall, the findings of this study provide valuable information for advancing the research related to yak crossbreeding improvement and sperm production stagnation of cattle-yak.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232415810","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]],"date-time":"2022-12-13T04:32:48Z","timestamp":1670905968000},"page":"15810","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Analysis of Chromatin Openness in Testicle Tissue of Yak and Cattle-Yak"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Mengli","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730050, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7726-3077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Pei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730050, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730050, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaoke","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730050, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6008-4731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xingdong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730050, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8844-3321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yandong","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730050, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2390-4777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xian","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730050, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, X., Pei, J., Bao, P., Cao, M., Guo, S., Song, R., Song, W., Liang, C., Yan, P., and Guo, X. 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