{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:19:33Z","timestamp":1787062773197,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]],"date-time":"2022-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006245","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 106-2320-B-037-009-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 106-2320-B-037-009-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006245","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006245","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 109-2320-B-037-023-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 109-2320-B-037-023-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006245","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006245","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KMUH111-1R43"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KMUH111-1R43"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006245","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Research Foundation","award":["MOST 106-2320-B-037-009-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 106-2320-B-037-009-MY3"]}]},{"name":"Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Research Foundation","award":["MOST 109-2320-B-037-023-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 109-2320-B-037-023-MY3"]}]},{"name":"Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Research Foundation","award":["KMUH111-1R43"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KMUH111-1R43"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Autophagy facilitates the degradation of organelles and cytoplasmic proteins in a lysosome-dependent manner. It also plays a crucial role in cell damage. Whether loganin affects autophagy in chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathic pain remains unclear. We investigated the neuroprotective effect of loganin on the autophagic\u2013lysosomal pathway in the rat CCI model. Sprague\u2013Dawley rats were divided into sham, CCI, sham + loganin, and CCI + loganin. Loganin (5 mg\/kg\/day) was intraperitoneally injected once daily, and rats were sacrificed on day 7 after CCI. This study focused on the mechanism by which loganin modulates autophagic flux after CCI. CCI enhanced the autophagic marker LC3B-II in the ipsilateral spinal cord. The ubiquitin-binding protein p62 binds to LC3B-II and integrates into autophagosomes, which are degraded by autophagy. CCI caused the accumulation of p62, indicating the interruption of autophagosome turnover. Loganin significantly attenuated the expression of Beclin-1, LC3B-II, and p62. Double immunofluorescence staining was used to confirm that LC3B-II and p62 were reduced by loganin in the spinal microglia and astrocytes. Loganin also lessened the CCI-increased colocalization of both proteins. Enhanced lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2) and pro-cathepsin D (pro-CTSD) in CCI rats were also attenuated by loganin, suggesting that loganin improves impaired lysosomal function and autophagic flux. Loganin also attenuated the CCI-increased apoptosis protein Bax and cleaved caspase-3. Loganin prevents CCI-induced neuropathic pain, which could be attributed to the regulation of neuroinflammation, neuronal autophagy, and associated cell death. These data suggest autophagy could be a potential target for preventing neuropathic pain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232415873","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]],"date-time":"2022-12-14T02:54:21Z","timestamp":1670986461000},"page":"15873","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The Iridoid Glycoside Loganin Modulates Autophagic Flux Following Chronic Constriction Injury-Induced Neuropathic Pain"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Kuang-I","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Chin","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Wen","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cosmetic Application and Management, Department of Nursing, Yuh-Ing Junior College of Health Care and Management, Kaohsiung 80776, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su-Ling","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Mei","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0064-2797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zen-Kong","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology and Pulmonology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6593-5120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bin-Nan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2011.06.017","article-title":"A new definition of neuropathic pain","volume":"152","author":"Jensen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70102-4","article-title":"Allodynia and hyperalgesia in neuropathic pain: Clinical manifestations and mechanisms","volume":"13","author":"Jensen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.09.019","article-title":"Loganin protects against pancreatitis by inhibiting NF-kappaB activation","volume":"765","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. 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