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Because the anatomy of the non-human primate (NHP) visual system closely resembles that of humans, it is the most likely to predict human responses to diseases and therapies. Here we tried to replicate the mouse SOHU glaucoma model in rhesus macaque monkeys. All six animals that we tested showed significant retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death, optic nerve (ON) degeneration, and visual functional deficits at both 3 and 6 months. In contrast to the mouse SOHU model, however, IOP changed dynamically in these animals, probably due to individual differences in ciliary body tolerance capability. Further optimization of this model is needed to achieve consistent IOP elevation without permanent damage of the ciliary body. The current form of the NHP SOHU model recapitulates the severe degeneration of acute human glaucoma, and is therefore suitable for assessing experimental therapies for neuroprotection and regeneration, and therefore for translating relevant findings into novel and effective treatments for patients with glaucoma and other neurodegenerations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232415896","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]],"date-time":"2022-12-14T05:27:23Z","timestamp":1670995643000},"page":"15896","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Silicone Oil-Induced Glaucomatous Neurodegeneration in Rhesus Macaques"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Ala","family":"Moshiri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA"},{"name":"Janssen Research & Development, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoliang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6292-5995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roopa","family":"Dalal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7980-1649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200706181","article-title":"Axons of retinal ganglion cells are insulted in the optic nerve early in DBA\/2J glaucoma","volume":"179","author":"Howell","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. 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