{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T15:01:08Z","timestamp":1792249268909,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":198,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]],"date-time":"2022-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Health of Russian Federation","award":["115030470036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["115030470036"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Health of Russian Federation","award":["AAAA-A18-118032390061-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AAAA-A18-118032390061-0"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The increasing frequency of isolation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) limits the chances for the effective antibacterial therapy of staphylococcal diseases and results in the development of persistent infection such as bacteremia and osteomyelitis. The aim of this study was to identify features of the MRSAST239 0943-1505-2016 (SA943) genome that contribute to the formation of both acute and chronic musculoskeletal infections. The analysis was performed using comparative genomics data of the dominant epidemic S. aureus lineages, namely ST1, ST8, ST30, ST36, and ST239. The SA943 genome encodes proteins that provide resistance to the host\u2019s immune system, suppress immunological memory, and form biofilms. The molecular mechanisms of adaptation responsible for the development of persistent infection were as follows: amino acid substitution in PBP2 and PBP2a, providing resistance to ceftaroline; loss of a large part of prophage DNA and restoration of the nucleotide sequence of beta-hemolysin, that greatly facilitates the escape of phagocytosed bacteria from the phagosome and formation of biofilms; dysfunction of the AgrA system due to the presence of psm-mec and several amino acid substitutions in the AgrC; partial deletion of the nucleotide sequence in genomic island vSA\u03b2 resulting in the loss of two proteases of Spl\u2014operon; and deletion of SD repeats in the SdrE amino acid sequence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232416086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T05:25:46Z","timestamp":1671427546000},"page":"16086","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["In Silico Genome-Scale Analysis of Molecular Mechanisms Contributing to the Development of a Persistent Infection with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ST239"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Olga","family":"Dmitrenko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Gamaleya Street 18, 123098 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrey","family":"Chaplin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Virology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Balbutskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Animal Engineering and Biotechnology, Department of Large Animal Husbandry, Saint-Petersburg State Agrarian University, Peterburgskoye Shosse, House 2, Pushkin, 196601 Saint-Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamara","family":"Pkhakadze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal State Budgetary Institution, National Medical Research Center for Traumatology and Orthopedics Named after N.N. Priorov, 127299 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergey","family":"Alkhovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Gamaleya Street 18, 123098 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S231","DOI":"10.1086\/598189","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management strategies","volume":"48","author":"Naber","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199704033361406","article-title":"Osteomyelitis","volume":"336","author":"Lew","year":"1997","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. 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