{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T20:44:52Z","timestamp":1790196292883,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,17]],"date-time":"2022-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe brain disorder characterized by an intriguing clinical panel that has begun to gain interest due to its particular phenotype. Having considered the role of gut microflora in psychiatry, the latest discoveries might offer further insight into the underlying mechanisms. Thus, we aimed to offer an updated overview of the therapeutic potential of microorganism-derived supplements alongside dedicated protocols that target the re-establishment of the host\u2019s eubiosis. Based on combinations of specific keywords, we performed searches in four databases (PubMed\/Medline, ISI Web of Knowledge, Scopus, and ScienceDirect) for the established interval (2018\u20132022) and identified twenty two eligible cases, restricted only to human patients\u2019 experiences. Up until the writing of this manuscript, it has been revealed that the administration of specific lactic acid bacteria strains (Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium), or those combined with vitamin D and selenium, maintain the integrity of the gut flora, preventing antagonistic effects including inflammation, antipsychotic-related body weight gain (olanzapine) and other metabolic dysfunctionalities. However, there are multiple antipsychotics that exert a potent effect upon gut flora, influencing a plethora of pathways and creating a dysbalance ratio between beneficial and opportunistic pathogens. Risperidone, amisulpride, and clozapine are just a few examples, but the current literature is unfortunately inconsistent and reported data is contradictory, which is why we support additional studies in this context. Moreover, we further argue the utility of studying how distinct controlled substances influence microbial communities, considering that ketamine is proved to alleviate depressive-like behavior as opposed to amphetamine and phencyclidine, which are known substances to trigger SCZ-like symptoms in experimental models. Probiotics may be regarded as the most consequential vehicle through which the gut flora can be successfully influenced, in adequate doses exerting a beneficial role as an alternative approach to alleviate SCZ symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232416129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T05:25:46Z","timestamp":1671427546000},"page":"16129","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Reviewing the Potential Therapeutic Approaches Targeting the Modulation of Gastrointestinal Microflora in Schizophrenia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Ilinca-Bianca","family":"Nita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, University Street, no 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4023-1765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ovidiu-Dumitru","family":"Ilie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, \u201cAlexandru Ioan Cuza\u201d University, Carol I Avenue, no 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alin","family":"Ciobica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, \u201cAlexandru Ioan Cuza\u201d University, Carol I Avenue, no 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luminita-Diana","family":"Hritcu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences \u201cIon Ionescu de la Brad\u201d, Mihail Sadoveanu Street, no 3, 700490 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Dobrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, University Street, no 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Institute of Psychiatry \u201cSocola\u201d, Bucium Street, no 36, 700282 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6618-141X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bogdan","family":"Doroftei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine VIII, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, University Street, no 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3023-0205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romeo","family":"Dobrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, University Street, no 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Institute of Psychiatry \u201cSocola\u201d, Bucium Street, no 36, 700282 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15067","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.67","article-title":"Schizophrenia","volume":"1","author":"Kahn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Prim."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbu172","article-title":"Impact of DSM-5 changes on the diagnosis and acute treatment of schizophrenia","volume":"41","author":"Mattila","year":"2015","journal-title":"Schizophr. 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