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Although these treatments improve patient survival, they are rarely curative. We previously hypothesized that advanced cancers might be treated without drugs by using artificial diets in which the levels of specific amino acids (AAs) are manipulated. In this work, after showing that AA manipulation induces selective anticancer activity in renal cell carcinoma cells in vitro, we screened 18 artificial diets for anticancer activity in a challenging animal model of renal cell carcinoma. The model was established by injecting murine renal cell carcinoma (Renca) cells into the peritoneum of immunocompetent BALB\/cAnNRj mice. Mice survival was markedly improved when their normal diet was replaced with our artificial diets. Mice fed a diet lacking six AAs (diet T2) lived longer than mice treated with sunitinib or anti-PD-1 immunotherapy; several animals lived very long or were cured. Controlling the levels of several AAs (e.g., cysteine, methionine, and leucine) and lipids was important for the anticancer activity of the diets. Additional studies are needed to further evaluate the therapeutic potential and mechanism of action of this simple and inexpensive anticancer strategy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232416132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T05:25:46Z","timestamp":1671427546000},"page":"16132","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Manipulation of Amino Acid Levels with Artificial Diets Induces a Marked Anticancer Activity in Mice with Renal Cell Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6845-797X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel","family":"Calder\u00f3n-Monta\u00f1o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilio","family":"Guill\u00e9n-Mancina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2476-2507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julio Jos\u00e9","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00edctor","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6231-190X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Estefan\u00eda","family":"Burgos-Mor\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2719-8825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfonso","family":"Mate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Concepci\u00f3n","family":"P\u00e9rez-Guerrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2794-1647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"L\u00f3pez-L\u00e1zaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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