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(Ig)-like receptor 1 (LAIR1, CD305) belongs to the family of immune-inhibitory receptors and is widely expressed on hematopoietic mature cells, particularly on immune cells. Four different types of ligands of LAIR1 have been described, including collagens, suggesting a potential immune-regulatory function on the extracellular matrix. By modulating cytokine secretion and cellular functions, LAIR1 displays distinct patterns of expression among NK cell and T\/B lymphocyte subsets during their differentiation and cellular activation and plays a major negative immunoregulatory role. Beyond its implications in physiology, the activity of LAIR1 can be inappropriately involved in various autoimmune or inflammatory disorders and has been implicated in cancer physiopathology, including hematological neoplasms. Its action as an inhibitory receptor can result in the dysregulation of immune cellular responses and in immune escape within the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, when expressed by tumor cells, LAIR1 can modulate their proliferation or invasion properties, with contradictory pro- or anti-tumoral effects depending on tumor type. In this review, we will focus on its role in normal physiological conditions, as well as during pathological situations, including hematological malignancies. We will also discuss potential therapeutic strategies targeting LAIR1 for the treatment of various autoimmune diseases and cancer settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232416136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T05:25:46Z","timestamp":1671427546000},"page":"16136","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["LAIR1, an ITIM-Containing Receptor Involved in Immune Disorders and in Hematological Neoplasms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Van Laethem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucie","family":"Donaty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuelle","family":"Tchernonog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Hematology, CHU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Lacheretz-Szablewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biopathology, CHU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Russello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delphine","family":"Buthiau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CH B\u00e9ziers, 34500 B\u00e9ziers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marion","family":"Almeras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CH B\u00e9ziers, 34500 B\u00e9ziers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5717-3207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Moreaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France"},{"name":"Institute of Human Genetics, UMR 9002 CNRS-UM, 34396 Montpellier, France"},{"name":"Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75005 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Bret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France"},{"name":"Institute of Human Genetics, UMR 9002 CNRS-UM, 34396 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80530-0","article-title":"LAIR1, a novel inhibitory receptor expressed on human mononuclear leukocytes","volume":"7","author":"Meyaard","year":"1997","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0214843","article-title":"ITAMs versus ITIMs: Striking a balance during cell regulation","volume":"109","author":"Billadeau","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. 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