{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T23:55:49Z","timestamp":1792108549134,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":265,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]],"date-time":"2022-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Inflammation is an integral part of autoimmune diseases, which are caused by dysregulation of the immune system. This dysregulation involves an imbalance between pro-inflammatory versus anti-inflammatory mediators. These mediators include various cytokines and chemokines; defined subsets of T helper\/T regulatory cells, M1\/M2 macrophages, activating\/tolerogenic dendritic cells, and antibody-producing\/regulatory B cells. Despite the availability of many anti-inflammatory\/immunomodulatory drugs, the severe adverse reactions associated with their long-term use and often their high costs are impediments in effectively controlling the disease process. Accordingly, suitable alternatives are being sought for these conventional drugs. Natural products offer promising adjuncts\/alternatives in this regard. The availability of specific compounds isolated from dietary\/medicinal plant extracts have permitted rigorous studies on their disease-modulating activities and the mechanisms involved therein. Here, we describe the basic characteristics, mechanisms of action, and preventive\/therapeutic applications of 5 well-characterized natural product compounds (Resveratrol, Curcumin, Boswellic acids, Epigallocatechin-3-gallate, and Triptolide). These compounds have been tested extensively in animal models of autoimmunity as well as in limited clinical trials in patients having the corresponding diseases. We have focused our description on predominantly T cell-mediated diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, Type 1 diabetes, ulcerative colitis, and psoriasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24010095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]],"date-time":"2022-12-22T02:59:06Z","timestamp":1671677946000},"page":"95","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":216,"title":["The Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Activities of Natural Products to Control Autoimmune Inflammation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Kamal D.","family":"Moudgil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"},{"name":"Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shivaprasad H.","family":"Venkatesha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"},{"name":"Vita Therapeutics, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.10.007","article-title":"Travels and travails of autoimmunity: A historical journey from discovery to rediscovery","volume":"9","author":"Mackay","year":"2010","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02934736","article-title":"Immunological tolerance and autoimmunity","volume":"1","author":"Romagnani","year":"2006","journal-title":"Intern. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2234","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI78086","article-title":"Genetic basis of autoimmunity","volume":"125","author":"Marson","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141532","article-title":"Aire","volume":"27","author":"Mathis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2018.12.005","article-title":"Modulation of autoimmune arthritis by environmental \u201chygiene\u201d and commensal microbiota","volume":"339","author":"Langan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(02)00018-7","article-title":"Cytokines and anti-cytokine biologicals in autoimmunity: Present and future","volume":"13","author":"Andreakos","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.113126","article-title":"Anti-rheumatoid drugs advancements: New insights into the molecular treatment of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"151","author":"Bouchmaa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.02.043","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory Agents: Present and Future","volume":"140","author":"Dinarello","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2947","DOI":"10.2174\/092986705774462833","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory immunotherapy for multiple sclerosis\/experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) disease","volume":"12","author":"Kanwar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1177\/039463200902200302","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha antagonists: Differential clinical effects by different biotechnological molecules","volume":"22","author":"Licastro","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dudics, S., and Langan, D. (2018). Natural Products for the Treatment of Autoimmune Arthritis: Their Mechanisms of Action, Targeted Delivery, and Interplay with the Host Microbiome. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19092508"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2007.03.002","article-title":"Natural products as a gold mine for arthritis treatment","volume":"7","author":"Khanna","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1586\/1744666X.2014.917963","article-title":"Traditional Chinese medicine: Potential for clinical treatment of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"10","author":"Moudgil","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986797","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/986797","article-title":"Immunomodulation of Autoimmune Arthritis by Herbal CAM","volume":"2011","author":"Venkatesha","year":"2011","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdel-Tawab, M. (2021). Considerations to Be Taken When Carrying Out Medicinal Plant Research-What We Learn from an Insight into the IC(50) Values, Bioavailability and Clinical Efficacy of Exemplary Anti-Inflammatory Herbal Components. Pharmaceuticals, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14050437"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"436","article-title":"Effect of Dietary Polyphenols on Osteoarthritis-Molecular Mechanisms","volume":"12","author":"Arora","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cote, B., and Elbarbry, F. (2022). Mechanistic Basis for the Role of Phytochemicals in Inflammation-Associated Chronic Diseases. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27030781"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945129","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.945129","article-title":"Natural medicines of targeted rheumatoid arthritis and its action mechanism","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"333","article-title":"The effects of twenty-four nutrients and phytonutrients on immune system function and inflammation: A narrative review","volume":"7","author":"Poles","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.100143","article-title":"Taming the beast within: Resveratrol suppresses colitis and prevents colon cancer","volume":"2","author":"Hofseth","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111091","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2019.111091","article-title":"Immune Th17 lymphocytes play a critical role in the multiple beneficial properties of resveratrol","volume":"137","author":"Delmas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.107.038984","article-title":"Resveratrol (trans-3,5,4\u2032-trihydroxystilbene) ameliorates experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, primarily via induction of apoptosis in T cells involving activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor and estrogen receptor","volume":"72","author":"Singh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"13","article-title":"Health benefits of resveratrol administration","volume":"66","author":"Galiniak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meng, T., Xiao, D., Muhammed, A., Deng, J., Chen, L., and He, J. (2021). Anti-Inflammatory Action and Mechanisms of Resveratrol. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26010229"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pignet, A.L., Schellnegger, M., Hecker, A., and Kohlhauser, M. (2021). Resveratrol-Induced Signal Transduction in Wound Healing. Int. J Mol Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222312614"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.112164","article-title":"Resveratrol (RV): A pharmacological review and call for further research","volume":"143","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2011.05648.x","article-title":"Discovery of curcumin, a component of golden spice, and its miraculous biological activities","volume":"39","author":"Gupta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.7417","article-title":"Immunomodulatory effects of curcumin in systemic autoimmune diseases","volume":"36","author":"Chamani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"111888","article-title":"Pharmacological properties and underlying mechanisms of curcumin and prospects in medicinal potential","volume":"141","author":"Fu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koroljevi\u0107, Z.D. (2022). Curcuma as an anti-inflammatory component in treating osteoarthritis. Life, Online Ahead of Print.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-022-05244-8"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4503","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S327378","article-title":"Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Curcumin in the Inflammatory Diseases: Status, Limitations and Countermeasures","volume":"15","author":"Peng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. Ther."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roy, N.K., Parama, D., Banik, K., Bordoloi, D., Devi, A.K., Thakur, K.K., Padmavathi, G., Shakibaei, M., Fan, L., and Sethi, G. (2019). An Update on Pharmacological Potential of Boswellic Acids against Chronic Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20174101"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3127","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.5.3127","article-title":"Acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid potentiates apoptosis, inhibits invasion, and abolishes osteoclastogenesis by suppressing NF-kappa B and NF-kappa B-regulated gene expression","volume":"176","author":"Takada","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2393","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22023","article-title":"Regulation of interleukin-1beta-induced chemokine production and matrix metalloproteinase 2 activation by epigallocatechin-3-gallate in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts","volume":"54","author":"Ahmed","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4524","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.8.4524","article-title":"Prevention of collagen-induced arthritis in mice by a polyphenolic fraction from green tea","volume":"96","author":"Haqqi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.001","article-title":"Green tea EGCG, T cells, and T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases","volume":"33","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Asp. Med."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"821","article-title":"Pharmacological Actions and Underlying Mechanisms of Catechin: A Review","volume":"22","author":"Baranwal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Payne, A., Nahashon, S., Taka, E., and Adinew, G.M. (2022). Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG): New Therapeutic Perspectives for Neuroprotection, Aging, and Neuroinflammation for the Modern Age. Biomolecules, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12030371"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616934","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2020.616934","article-title":"Green Tea Polyphenol-Sensitive Calcium Signaling in Immune T Cell Function","volume":"7","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, F.W., Lv, Y.L., Zhong, Y.F., Xue, Y.N., Wang, Y., Zhang, L.Y., Hu, X., and Tan, W.Q. (2021). Beneficial Effects of Green Tea EGCG on Skin Wound Healing: A Comprehensive Review. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26206123"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2409","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-03-0854","article-title":"Triptolide, a constituent of immunosuppressive Chinese herbal medicine, is a potent suppressor of dendritic-cell maturation and trafficking","volume":"106","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2009.08.017","article-title":"Oral administration of triptolide ameliorates the clinical signs of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) by induction of HSP70 and stabilization of NF-kappaB\/IkappaBalpha transcriptional complex","volume":"217","author":"Kizelsztein","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10411","article-title":"Benefit of an extract of Tripterygium Wilfordii Hook F in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"46","author":"Tao","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"747922","article-title":"The Active Compounds and Therapeutic Target of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. in Attenuating Proteinuria in Diabetic Nephropathy: A Review","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Rep."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1039\/D0NP00054J","article-title":"Triptolide: Reflections on two decades of research and prospects for the future","volume":"38","author":"Tong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Rep."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.01469","article-title":"Application and Mechanisms of Triptolide in the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases\u2014A Review","volume":"10","author":"Yuan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1911109","article-title":"Tolerance in the Age of Immunotherapy","volume":"383","author":"Bluestone","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2011.09.007","article-title":"Microbiota and autoimmune disease: The hosted self","volume":"10","author":"Mathis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2011.11.001","article-title":"The role of gender and organ specific autoimmunity","volume":"11","author":"Nussinovitch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"26","article-title":"The self-directed T cell repertoire: Its creation and activation","volume":"2","author":"Moudgil","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rev. Immunogenet."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.11.040193.003501","article-title":"Dominance and crypticity of T cell antigenic determinants","volume":"11","author":"Sercarz","year":"1993","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2011.0065","article-title":"Cytokines in autoimmunity: Role in induction, regulation, and treatment","volume":"31","author":"Moudgil","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Interferon Cytokine Res."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2010.02432.x","article-title":"Effector and regulatory T-cell subsets in autoimmunity and tissue inflammation","volume":"72","author":"Jager","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scand. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2020.108361","article-title":"Common innate pathways to autoimmune disease","volume":"212","author":"Langan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0595-448","article-title":"Positive selection in autoimmunity: Abnormal immune responses to a bacterial dnaJ antigenic determinant in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"1","author":"Albani","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2011.01076.x","article-title":"Molecular mimicry as an inducing trigger for CNS autoimmune demyelinating disease","volume":"245","author":"Chastain","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/366069a0","article-title":"Spontaneous loss of T-cell tolerance to glutamic acid decarboxylase in murine insulin-dependent diabetes","volume":"366","author":"Kaufman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1998.tb01221.x","article-title":"Reciprocal T-B determinant spreading develops spontaneously in murine lupus: Implications for pathogenesis","volume":"164","author":"Singh","year":"1998","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.180.5.1979","article-title":"T cell cross-reactivity between coxsackievirus and glutamate decarboxylase is associated with a murine diabetes susceptibility allele","volume":"180","author":"Tian","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)07077-5","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus. A disease with a complex pathogenesis","volume":"358","author":"Tsokos","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.20.081701.141316","article-title":"T cell response in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE): Role of self and cross-reactive antigens in shaping, tuning, and regulating the autopathogenic T cell repertoire","volume":"20","author":"Kuchroo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1038\/358155a0","article-title":"Spreading of T-cell autoimmunity to cryptic determinants of an autoantigen","volume":"358","author":"Lehmann","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90348-8","article-title":"Molecular mimicry in T cell-mediated autoimmunity: Viral peptides activate human T cell clones specific for myelin basic protein","volume":"80","author":"Wucherpfennig","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-017-0892-8","article-title":"Regulatory T cells in multiple sclerosis and myasthenia gravis","volume":"14","author":"Danikowski","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v11.i1.13","article-title":"Current understandings of the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes: Genetics to environment","volume":"11","author":"Giwa","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J. Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60150-0","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis","volume":"380","author":"Eckmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.20805.1","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis: Recent advances in the understanding of disease pathogenesis","volume":"9","author":"Porter","year":"2020","journal-title":"F1000Research"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rendon, A., and Schakel, K. (2019). Psoriasis Pathogenesis and Treatment. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20061475"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.12703\/P6-25","article-title":"Learning from myocarditis: Mimicry, chaos and black holes","volume":"6","author":"Rose","year":"2014","journal-title":"F1000prime Rep."},{"key":"ref_70","first-page":"1756","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis","volume":"389","author":"Ungaro","year":"2017","journal-title":"F1000Research"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2018.09.001","article-title":"IL-17 and limits of success","volume":"339","author":"Omidian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2014.11.020","article-title":"Involvement of the IL-23\/IL-17 axis and the Th17\/Treg balance in the pathogenesis and control of autoimmune arthritis","volume":"74","author":"Astry","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2011.0049","article-title":"Role of cytokines in the pathogenesis and suppression of thyroid autoimmunity","volume":"31","author":"Ganesh","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Interferon Cytokine Res."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2011.0094","article-title":"A cytokine-centric view of the pathogenesis and treatment of autoimmune arthritis","volume":"31","author":"Astry","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Interferon Cytokine Res."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2018.09.008","article-title":"Restoring self-tolerance in autoimmune diseases by enhancing regulatory T-cells","volume":"339","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3226","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30537","article-title":"Development of the anti-citrullinated protein antibody repertoire prior to the onset of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"63","author":"Wolbink","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbapap.2020.140478","article-title":"Post-translational modifications contribute to neoepitopes in Type-1 diabetes: Challenges for inducing antigen-specific tolerance","volume":"1868","author":"Balakrishnan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Proteins Proteom."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.185.7.1307","article-title":"Diversification of T cell responses to carboxy-terminal determinants within the 65-kD heat-shock protein is involved in regulation of autoimmune arthritis","volume":"185","author":"Moudgil","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2009.00858.x","article-title":"Role of HLA class II genes in susceptibility\/resistance to inflammatory arthritis: Studies with humanized mice","volume":"233","author":"Taneja","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jabeen, M., Boisgard, A.S., Danoy, A., El Kholti, N., Salvi, J.P., Boulieu, R., Fromy, B., Verrier, B., and Lamrayah, M. (2020). Advanced Characterization of Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-Like Mouse Model. Pharmaceutics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics12090789"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.2174\/187152808785748155","article-title":"Therapeutic benefits of regulating inflammation in autoimmunity","volume":"7","author":"Nikoopour","year":"2008","journal-title":"Inflamm. Allergy Drug Targets"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malaguarnera, L. (2019). Influence of Resveratrol on the Immune Response. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11050946"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.7.8.5740","article-title":"Resveratrol: A multitargeted agent for age-associated chronic diseases","volume":"7","author":"Harikumar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2009.08.018","article-title":"Curcumin activates AMPK and suppresses gluconeogenic gene expression in hepatoma cells","volume":"388","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2010.1","article-title":"Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) attenuates inflammation in MRL\/lpr mouse mesangial cells","volume":"7","author":"Peairs","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_86","first-page":"2288","article-title":"Triptolide induces apoptosis through the calcium\/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinasebeta\/AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway in non-small cell lung cancer cells","volume":"44","author":"Ren","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yamagata, K., and Yamori, Y. (2021). Potential Effects of Soy Isoflavones on the Prevention of Metabolic Syndrome. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26195863"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.04.061","article-title":"The potential therapeutic benefit of resveratrol on Th17\/Treg imbalance in immune thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"73","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6781872","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/6781872","article-title":"The Repeated Administration of Resveratrol Has Measurable Effects on Circulating T-Cell Subsets in Humans","volume":"2017","author":"Espinoza","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574029","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/574029","article-title":"Resveratrol prevents dendritic cell maturation in response to advanced glycation end products","volume":"2013","author":"Buttari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.14356","article-title":"A comprehensive insight into effects of resveratrol on molecular mechanism in rheumatoid arthritis: A literature systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Karimi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lomholt, S., Mellemkjaer, A., Iversen, M.B., Pedersen, S.B., and Kragstrup, T.W. (2018). Resveratrol displays anti-inflammatory properties in an ex vivo model of immune mediated inflammatory arthritis. BMC Rheumatol., 2.","DOI":"10.1186\/s41927-018-0036-5"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829677","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.829677","article-title":"The role of resveratrol on rheumatoid arthritis: From bench to bedside","volume":"13","author":"Sheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-018-4080-8","article-title":"Resveratrol as an effective adjuvant therapy in the management of rheumatoid arthritis: A clinical study","volume":"37","author":"Khojah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174504","article-title":"The pharmacological assessment of resveratrol on preclinical models of rheumatoid arthritis through a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"910","author":"Mittal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Limagne, E., Lan\u00e7on, A., Delmas, D., Cherkaoui-Malki, M., and Latruffe, N. (2016). Resveratrol Interferes with IL1-\u03b2-Induced Pro-Inflammatory Paracrine Interaction between Primary Chondrocytes and Macrophages. Nutrients, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8050280"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2011.149831","article-title":"Resveratrol modulates murine collagen-induced arthritis by inhibiting Th17 and B-cell function","volume":"71","author":"Xuzhu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_98","first-page":"e75139","article-title":"Resveratrol Inhibits CD4+ T cell activation by enhancing the expression and activity of Sirt1","volume":"8","author":"Zou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Corr\u00eaa, M.G., Pires, P.R., Ribeiro, F.V., Pimentel, S.P., Cirano, F.R., Napimoga, M.H., Casati, M.Z., and Casarin, R.C.V. (2018). Systemic treatment with resveratrol reduces the progression of experimental periodontitis and arthritis in rats. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0204414"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2592","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2014.2070","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effect of resveratrol on adjuvant arthritis rats with abnormal immunological function via the reduction of cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin E2","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kew255","article-title":"Resveratrol lowers synovial hyperplasia, inflammatory markers and oxidative damage in an acute antigen-induced arthritis model","volume":"55","author":"Loureiro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2010.07.011","article-title":"Regulatory role of resveratrol on Th17 in autoimmune disease","volume":"11","author":"Petro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2008.10.015","article-title":"Decreased severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis during resveratrol administration is associated with increased IL \u2013 17 + IL \u2212 10 + T cells, CD4(\u2212) IFN-gamma+ cells, and decreased macrophage IL-6 expression","volume":"9","author":"Imler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-019-09842-5","article-title":"Resveratrol (3, 5, 4\u2032-Trihydroxy-trans-Stilbene) Attenuates a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis by Altering the miR-124\/Sphingosine Kinase 1 Axis in Encephalitogenic T Cells in the Brain","volume":"14","author":"Gandy","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dudics, S., Venkatesha, S.H., and Moudgil, K.D. (2018). The Micro-RNA Expression Profiles of Autoimmune Arthritis Reveal Novel Biomarkers of the Disease and Therapeutic Response. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19082293"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Venkatesha, S.H., Dudics, S., Song, Y., Mahurkar, A., and Moudgil, K.D. (2018). The miRNA Expression Profile of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Reveals Novel Potential Disease Biomarkers. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19123990"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Movahed, A., Raj, P., Nabipour, I., Mahmoodi, M., Ostovar, A., Kalantarhormozi, M., and Netticadan, T. (2020). Efficacy and Safety of Resveratrol in Type 1 Diabetes Patients: A Two-Month Preliminary Exploratory Trial. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12010161"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ11-0194","article-title":"Resveratrol prevents streptozotocin-induced diabetes by inhibiting the apoptosis of pancreatic beta-cell and the cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase","volume":"59","author":"Ku","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocr. J."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119250","article-title":"Resveratrol inhibits macrophage infiltration of pancreatic islets in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic mice via attenuation of the CXCL16\/NF-kappaBeta p65 signaling pathway","volume":"272","author":"Darwish","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12891","article-title":"Resveratrol improves sperm DNA quality and reproductive capacity in type 1 diabetes","volume":"9","author":"Simas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1111\/iep.12251","article-title":"Resveratrol attenuates reproductive alterations in type 1 diabetes-induced rats","volume":"98","author":"Simas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-011-2064-1","article-title":"Prevention and treatment of diabetes with resveratrol in a non-obese mouse model of type 1 diabetes","volume":"54","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_113","first-page":"591","article-title":"Modulation of autoimmune diseases by interleukin (IL)-17 producing regulatory T helper (Th17) cells","volume":"138","author":"Singh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2014.10.031","article-title":"Interleukin-10 paradox: A potent immunoregulatory cytokine that has been difficult to harness for immunotherapy","volume":"74","author":"Saxena","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-09-0117","article-title":"Resveratrol suppresses colitis and colon cancer associated with colitis","volume":"3","author":"Cui","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Prev. Res."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.109.160838","article-title":"Resveratrol (trans-3,5,4\u2032-trihydroxystilbene) induces silent mating type information regulation-1 and down-regulates nuclear transcription factor-kappaB activation to abrogate dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis","volume":"332","author":"Singh","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.3A1218-476RR","article-title":"Resveratrol modulates the gut microbiota to prevent murine colitis development through induction of Tregs and suppression of Th17 cells","volume":"106","author":"Alrafas","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2020.119507","article-title":"Percutaneous absorption of resveratrol and its oligomers to relieve psoriasiform lesions: In silico, in vitro and in vivo evaluations","volume":"585","author":"Cheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2021.08.023","article-title":"Resveratrol-Loaded Vesicular Elastic Nanocarriers Gel in Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis Treatment: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation","volume":"111","author":"Elgewelly","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-020-00852-y","article-title":"Novel nanoemulsion gel containing triple natural bio-actives combination of curcumin, thymoquinone, and resveratrol improves psoriasis therapy: In vitro and in vivo studies","volume":"11","author":"Khatoon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Deliv. Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kj\u00e6r, T.N., Thorsen, K., Jessen, N., Stenderup, K., and Pedersen, S.B. (2015). Resveratrol ameliorates imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation in mice. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0126599"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.200900437","article-title":"Resveratrol bioavailability and toxicity in humans","volume":"54","author":"Cottart","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327110383625","article-title":"Resveratrol commonly displays hormesis: Occurrence and biomedical significance","volume":"29","author":"Calabrese","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_124","first-page":"126","article-title":"Molecular pharmacology of inflammation: Medicinal plants as anti-inflammatory agents","volume":"139","author":"Tasneem","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2008.06.010","article-title":"Potential therapeutic effects of curcumin, the anti-inflammatory agent, against neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, pulmonary, metabolic, autoimmune and neoplastic diseases","volume":"41","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.03.080","article-title":"Decreased activity of neutrophils in the presence of diferuloylmethane (curcumin) involves protein kinase C inhibition","volume":"612","author":"Perecko","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2009.08.003","article-title":"Select phytochemicals suppress human T-lymphocytes and mouse splenocytes suggesting their use in autoimmunity and transplantation","volume":"29","author":"Hushmendy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nutr. Res."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.4863","article-title":"Curcumin serves as a human kv1.3 blocker to inhibit effector memory T lymphocyte activities","volume":"27","author":"Lian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-008-9202-7","article-title":"15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) and curcumin modulate the expression of toll-like receptors 4 and 9 in autoimmune T lymphocyte","volume":"28","author":"Chearwae","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.02.002","article-title":"Curcumin induces apoptotic cell death of activated human CD4+ T cells via increasing endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction","volume":"15","author":"Zheng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.05.012","article-title":"Targeting the balance of T helper cell responses by curcumin in inflammatory and autoimmune states","volume":"18","author":"Rahimi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2018.04.041","article-title":"Curcumin attenuates sepsis-induced acute organ dysfunction by preventing inflammation and enhancing the suppressive function of Tregs","volume":"61","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2017.02.017","article-title":"Curcumin inhibiting Th17 cell differentiation by regulating the metabotropic glutamate receptor-4 expression on dendritic cells","volume":"46","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2007.00089.x","article-title":"Curcumin modulation of IFN-beta and IL-12 signalling and cytokine induction in human T cells","volume":"11","author":"Fahey","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2017.1358139","article-title":"Immune modulation by curcumin: The role of interleukin-10","volume":"59","author":"Mollazadeh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585413","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.585413","article-title":"Toward Regulatory Effects of Curcumin on Transforming Growth Factor-Beta Across Different Diseases: A Review","volume":"11","author":"Ashrafizadeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44482","DOI":"10.1038\/srep44482","article-title":"Nutritional control of IL-23\/Th17-mediated autoimmune disease through HO-1\/STAT3 activation","volume":"7","author":"Holstein","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867327666200515101228","article-title":"Curcumin: A Dietary Phytochemical for Targeting the Phenotype and Function of Dendritic Cells","volume":"28","author":"Rahimi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2017.3930","article-title":"A Novel Highly Bioavailable Curcumin Formulation Improves Symptoms and Diagnostic Indicators in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Two-Dose, Three-Arm, and Parallel-Group Study","volume":"20","author":"Amalraj","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Med. Food"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.13688","article-title":"Effect of curcumin nanomicelle on the clinical symptoms of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial","volume":"22","author":"Javadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896476","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.896476","article-title":"Curcumin and Curcuma longa Extract in the Treatment of 10 Types of Autoimmune Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 31 Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"13","author":"Zeng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.620","article-title":"Curcumin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles ameliorate adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats","volume":"19","author":"Arora","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pain"},{"key":"ref_143","first-page":"39","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effect of different curcumin preparations on adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats","volume":"21","author":"Rinkunaite","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.03.055","article-title":"Micellar solubilisation enhances the antiinflammatory activities of curcumin and boswellic acids in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis","volume":"54","author":"Khayyal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref_145","first-page":"4931","article-title":"The effect of curcumin and its nanoformulation on adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats","volume":"9","author":"Zheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. Ther."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4095","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S175763","article-title":"Curcumin alleviates rheumatoid arthritis-induced inflammation and synovial hyperplasia by targeting mTOR pathway in rats","volume":"12","author":"Dai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. Ther."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2010.02.011","article-title":"Curcumin attenuates inflammatory response in IL-1beta-induced human synovial fibroblasts and collagen-induced arthritis in mouse model","volume":"10","author":"Moon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-017-1047-7","article-title":"Curcumin attenuates collagen-induced inflammatory response through the \u201cgut-brain axis\u201d","volume":"15","author":"Dou","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-012-9839-0","article-title":"Curcumin protects against collagen-induced arthritis via suppression of BAFF production","volume":"33","author":"Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.04.027","article-title":"Curcumin attenuates collagen-induced rat arthritis via anti-inflammatory and apoptotic effects","volume":"72","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_151","first-page":"1","article-title":"Immunomodulatory Effects of Curcumin in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Evidence from Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Outcomes","volume":"179","author":"Khosrojerdi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_152","first-page":"309","article-title":"The Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Curcumin on Immune Cell Populations, Cytokines, and In Vivo Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis","volume":"14","author":"Blesso","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R202","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4393","article-title":"Evidence that TNF-\u03b2 (lymphotoxin \u03b1) can activate the inflammatory environment in human chondrocytes","volume":"15","author":"Buhrmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.28901","article-title":"The effects of nanocurcumin on Treg cell responses and treatment of ankylosing spondylitis patients: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"121","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6506","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.12.6506","article-title":"Curcumin inhibits experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by blocking IL-12 signaling through Janus kinase-STAT pathway in T lymphocytes","volume":"168","author":"Natarajan","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2011.10.002","article-title":"Differential regulation of CD4(+) T helper cell responses by curcumin in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"23","author":"Kanakasabai","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2009.01.025","article-title":"Amelioration of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by curcumin treatment through inhibition of IL-17 production","volume":"9","author":"Xie","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-5996-4-30","article-title":"Effect of novel water soluble curcumin derivative on experimental type-1 diabetes mellitus (short term study)","volume":"4","author":"Rezq","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetol. Metab. Syndr."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2074","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13816","article-title":"Nano-curcumin safely prevents streptozotocin-induced inflammation and apoptosis in pancreatic beta cells for effective management of Type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"174","author":"Ganugula","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_160","first-page":"55","article-title":"Curcumin Ameliorate Diabetes type 1 Complications through Decreasing Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in C57BL\/6 Mice","volume":"19","author":"Ahmadiafshar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Iran. J. Allergy Asthma Immunol."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1113\/EP085049","article-title":"Curcumin ameliorates skeletal muscle atrophy in type 1 diabetic mice by inhibiting protein ubiquitination","volume":"100","author":"Ono","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12322","article-title":"Curcumin ameliorates autoimmune diabetes. Evidence in accelerated murine models of type 1 diabetes","volume":"177","author":"Castro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_163","first-page":"370","article-title":"Curcumin ameliorates HO-induced injury through SIRT1-PERK-CHOP pathway in pancreatic beta cells","volume":"54","author":"Cao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Biochim. Biophys. Sin."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-5996-5-13","article-title":"Signaling mechanisms of a water soluble curcumin derivative in experimental type 1 diabetes with cardiomyopathy","volume":"5","author":"Aziz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetol. Metab. Syndr."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2020.108515","article-title":"Curcumin reverses diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats by inhibition of PKC\u03b2\/p(66)Shc axis and activation of FOXO-3a","volume":"87","author":"ALTamimi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630244","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.630244","article-title":"Curcumin Regulated the Homeostasis of Memory T Cell and Ameliorated Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Experimental Colitis","volume":"11","author":"Zhong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X22500100","article-title":"Curcumin Inhibits T Follicular Helper Cell Differentiation in Mice with Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-Induced Colitis","volume":"50","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Chin. Med."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903160","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.903160","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of curcumin in psoriasis: Preclinical and clinical evidence and possible mechanisms","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10287","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-28488-6","article-title":"Naturally derived Heme-Oxygenase 1 inducers attenuate inflammatory responses in human dendritic cells and T cells: Relevance for psoriasis treatment","volume":"8","author":"Campbell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2020.01.005","article-title":"Curcumin mediates attenuation of pro-inflammatory interferon \u03b3 and interleukin 17 cytokine responses in psoriatic disease, strengthening its role as a dietary immunosuppressant","volume":"75","author":"Skyvalidas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutr. Res."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Algahtani, M.S., Ahmad, M.Z., Nourein, I.H., and Ahmad, J. (2020). Co-Delivery of Imiquimod and Curcumin by Nanoemugel for Improved Topical Delivery and Reduced Psoriasis-Like Skin Lesions. Biomolecules, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10070968"},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, J., Zhao, Y., and Hu, J. (2013). Curcumin inhibits imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like inflammation by inhibiting IL-1beta and IL-6 production in mice. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0067078"},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeng, Y., Zhao, H., Zhang, T., Zhang, C., He, Y., Du, L., Zuo, F., and Wang, W. (2020). Curcumin against imiquimod-induced psoriasis of mice through IL-6\/STAT3 signaling pathway. Biosci. Rep., Online Ahead of Print.","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20192842"},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.14715\/cmb\/2021.67.6.7","article-title":"Curcumin reduces inflammation in mice with the psoriasis model by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammatory bodies","volume":"67","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.2019.1611917","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of curcumin in primary sclerosing cholangitis: An open label pilot study","volume":"54","author":"Eaton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scand. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hassanzadeh, K., Buccarello, L., Dragotto, J., Mohammadi, A., Corbo, M., and Feligioni, M. (2020). Obstacles against the Marketing of Curcumin as a Drug. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21186619"},{"key":"ref_177","first-page":"862","article-title":"Modulation of the immune system by Boswellia serrata extracts and boswellic acids","volume":"17","author":"Ammon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phytomedicine Int. J. Phytother. Phytopharm."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-41334-1_13","article-title":"Boswellic Acids and Their Role in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases","volume":"928","author":"Ammon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_179","first-page":"400","article-title":"Boswellic acids: A leukotriene inhibitor also effective through topical application in inflammatory disorders","volume":"15","author":"Singh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phytomedicine Int. J. Phytother. Phytopharm."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-947227","article-title":"Boswellic acids in chronic inflammatory diseases","volume":"72","author":"Ammon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1039\/B809437N","article-title":"Boswellic acids: A group of medicinally important compounds","volume":"26","author":"Shah","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Rep."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759720","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720X221124545","article-title":"Potential complementary and\/or synergistic effects of curcumin and boswellic acids for management of osteoarthritis","volume":"14","author":"Sethi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Musculoskelet. Dis."},{"key":"ref_183","first-page":"575","article-title":"Boswellia carterii extract inhibits TH1 cytokines and promotes TH2 cytokines in vitro","volume":"12","author":"Chevrier","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201343629","article-title":"Boswellic acids reduce Th17 differentiation via blockade of IL-1\u03b2-mediated IRAK1 signaling","volume":"44","author":"Verse","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1563-258X.2002.02056.x","article-title":"Boswellic acids (components of frankincense) as the active principle in treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases","volume":"152","author":"Ammon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Wien. Med. Wochenschr."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2007.04.034","article-title":"Boswellic acids and glucosamine show synergistic effect in preclinical anti-inflammatory study in rats","volume":"17","author":"Singh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bioorganic Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735247","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.735247","article-title":"Boswellia serrata Extract Containing 30% 3-Acetyl-11-Keto-Boswellic Acid Attenuates Inflammatory Mediators and Preserves Extracellular Matrix in Collagen-Induced Arthritis","volume":"12","author":"Majeed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0944-7113(96)80017-1","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory actions of boswellic acids","volume":"3","author":"Singh","year":"1996","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1396313","article-title":"Prospects of boswellic acids as potential pharmaceutics","volume":"81","author":"Du","year":"2015","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"ref_190","first-page":"205","article-title":"Effect of a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent on lysosomal stability in adjuvant induced arthritis","volume":"36","author":"Reddy","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ital. J. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01968824","article-title":"Urinary excretion of connective tissue metabolites under the influence of a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent in adjuvant induced arthritis","volume":"22","author":"Reddy","year":"1987","journal-title":"Agents Actions"},{"key":"ref_192","first-page":"38","article-title":"Effect of extract from Boswellia serrata gum resin on decrease of GAD65 autoantibodies in a patient with Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults","volume":"26","author":"Gabaj","year":"2020","journal-title":"Altern. Ther. Health Med."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1547293","article-title":"11-Keto-beta-Boswellic Acids Prevent Development of Autoimmune Reactions, Insulitis and Reduce Hyperglycemia During Induction of Multiple Low-Dose Streptozotocin (MLD-STZ) Diabetes in Mice","volume":"47","author":"Shehata","year":"2015","journal-title":"Horm. Metab. Res."},{"key":"ref_194","first-page":"277","article-title":"Genus Boswellia as a new candidate for neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"23","author":"Rajabian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Iran. J. Basic Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_195","first-page":"149","article-title":"Effect of Boswellia papyrifera on cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis","volume":"13","author":"Sedighi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iran. J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_196","first-page":"668","article-title":"Effects of boswellic acids extracted from a herbal medicine on the biosynthesis of leukotrienes and the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"48","author":"Wildfeuer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arzneim. Forsch."},{"key":"ref_197","first-page":"37","article-title":"Effects of Boswellia serrata gum resin in patients with ulcerative colitis","volume":"2","author":"Gupta","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-15802","article-title":"Effects of gum resin of Boswellia serrata in patients with chronic colitis","volume":"67","author":"Gupta","year":"2001","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i7.1147","article-title":"Investigation of mitigating effect of colon-specific prodrugs of boswellic acid on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis in Wistar rats: Design, kinetics and biological evaluation","volume":"23","author":"Sarkate","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G1131","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00562.2005","article-title":"Mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory actions of boswellic acid derivatives in experimental colitis","volume":"290","author":"Anthoni","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"ref_201","first-page":"321","article-title":"A cosmeceutical formulation based on boswellic acids for the treatment of erythematous eczema and psoriasis","volume":"7","author":"Togni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Cosmet. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2020.00486","article-title":"Diterpenoids and Triterpenoids from Frankincense Are Excellent Anti-psoriatic Agents: An in silico Approach","volume":"8","author":"Halim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Chem."},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.2165\/11586800-000000000-00000","article-title":"Boswellia serrata: An overall assessment of in vitro, preclinical, pharmacokinetic and clinical data","volume":"50","author":"Werz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R85","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2461","article-title":"A double blind, randomized, placebo controlled study of the efficacy and safety of 5-Loxin for treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee","volume":"10","author":"Sengupta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2013.11.006","article-title":"Epigallocatechin-3-gallate ameliorates both obesity and autoinflammatory arthritis aggravated by obesity by altering the balance among CD4+ T-cell subsets","volume":"157","author":"Byun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.3A0514-261RR","article-title":"Epigallocatechin-3-gallate ameliorates autoimmune arthritis by reciprocal regulation of T helper-17 regulatory T cells and inhibition of osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting STAT3 signaling","volume":"100","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14692","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0802675105","article-title":"Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits IL-6 synthesis and suppresses transsignaling by enhancing soluble gp130 production","volume":"105","author":"Ahmed","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.108.089912","article-title":"Green tea protects rats against autoimmune arthritis by modulating disease-related immune events","volume":"138","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, E.J., Lee, J., Lee, S.Y., Kim, E.K., Moon, Y.M., Jung, Y.O., Park, S.H., and Cho, M.L. (2014). EGCG attenuates autoimmune arthritis by inhibition of STAT3 and HIF-1\u03b1 with Th17\/Treg control. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0086062"},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2982","article-title":"Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin 3-gallate in arthritis: Progress and promise","volume":"12","author":"Ahmed","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2013.07.006","article-title":"Potential benefits of green tea polyphenol EGCG in the prevention and treatment of vascular inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"93","author":"Riegsecker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1080\/08916930601167343","article-title":"Green tea polyphenols reduce autoimmune symptoms in a murine model for human Sjogren\u2019s syndrome and protect human salivary acinar cells from TNF-alpha-induced cytotoxicity","volume":"40","author":"Hsu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.09.007","article-title":"Epigallocatechin-3-gallate ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by altering balance among CD4 + T-cell subsets","volume":"180","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.2741\/4104","article-title":"Novel immunoregulatory properties of EGCG on reducing inflammation in EAE","volume":"18","author":"Sun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1136\/jim-2016-000158","article-title":"Green tea EGCG, T-cell function, and T-cell-mediated autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"64","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Investig. Med."},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2021.104421","article-title":"Epigallocatechin-3 gallate regulates macrophage subtypes and immunometabolism to ameliorate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"368","author":"Cai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02976881","article-title":"Epigallocatechin gallate prevents autoimmune diabetes induced by multiple low doses of streptozotocin in mice","volume":"26","author":"Song","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Pharmacal Res."},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2011.08.033","article-title":"Epigallocatechin-3-gallate protects pro-inflammatory cytokine induced injuries in insulin-producing cells through the mitochondrial pathway","volume":"670","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114510004824","article-title":"Epigallocatechin gallate delays the onset of type 1 diabetes in spontaneous non-obese diabetic mice","volume":"105","author":"Fu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2007.10.053","article-title":"Therapeutic effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate in a mouse model of colitis","volume":"579","author":"Abboud","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.08.012","article-title":"Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate shows therapeutic antioxidative effects in a murine model of colitis","volume":"6","author":"Westphal","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Crohn\u2019s Colitis"},{"key":"ref_222","first-page":"132","article-title":"Green Tea Polyphenols and Sulfasalazine have Parallel Anti-Inflammatory Properties in Colitis Models","volume":"4","author":"Oz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2231","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2015.2824","article-title":"Epigallocatechin-3-gallate-induced inhibition of interleukin-6 release and adjustment of the regulatory T\/T helper 17 cell balance in the treatment of colitis in mice","volume":"10","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2267","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201501042","article-title":"(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate decreases colonic inflammation and permeability in a mouse model of colitis, but reduces macronutrient digestion and exacerbates weight loss","volume":"60","author":"Bitzer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3057268","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/3057268","article-title":"EGCG Maintains Th1\/Th2 Balance and Mitigates Ulcerative Colitis Induced by Dextran Sulfate Sodium through TLR4\/MyD88\/NF-\u03baB Signaling Pathway in Rats","volume":"2017","author":"Bing","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Du, Y., Ding, H., Vanarsa, K., Soomro, S., Baig, S., Hicks, J., and Mohan, C. (2019). Low dose Epigallocatechin Gallate Alleviates Experimental Colitis by Subduing Inflammatory Cells and Cytokines, and Improving Intestinal Permeability. Biogerontology, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11081743"},{"key":"ref_227","first-page":"184","article-title":"Gut microbiota from green tea polyphenol-dosed mice improves intestinal epithelial homeostasis and ameliorates experimental colitis","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-022-09976-9","article-title":"Green tea EGCG effectively alleviates experimental colitis in middle-aged male mice by attenuating multiple aspects of oxi-inflammatory stress and cell cycle deregulation","volume":"23","author":"Diwan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biogerontology"},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4189","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S165966","article-title":"Chitosan-based nanoformulated (\u2212)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) modulates human keratinocyte-induced responses and alleviates imiquimod-induced murine psoriasiform dermatitis","volume":"13","author":"Chamcheu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, S., Liu, X., Mei, L., Wang, H., and Fang, F. (2016). Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) inhibits imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like inflammation of BALB\/c mice. BMC Complementary Altern. Med., 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-016-1325-4"},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40617","DOI":"10.1038\/srep40617","article-title":"Nephro-toxic effects of intraperitoneally injected EGCG in diabetic mice: Involvement of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis","volume":"7","author":"Rasheed","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7880","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-25901-y","article-title":"Paradoxical cardiotoxicity of intraperitoneally-injected epigallocatechin gallate preparation in diabetic mice","volume":"8","author":"Rasheed","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.522","article-title":"XPB, a subunit of TFIIH, is a target of the natural product triptolide","volume":"7","author":"Titov","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00104","article-title":"A Mechanistic Overview of Triptolide and Celastrol, Natural Products from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook, F","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_235","first-page":"622","article-title":"Targets and molecular mechanisms of triptolide in cancer therapy","volume":"26","author":"Meng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chin. J. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1573(199909)13:6<464::AID-PTR483>3.0.CO;2-4","article-title":"Triptolide is more effective in preventing T cell proliferation and interferon-gamma production than is FK506","volume":"13","author":"Chan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_237","first-page":"76","article-title":"Effects of triptolide on T lymphocyte functions in mice","volume":"11","author":"Pu","year":"1990","journal-title":"Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_238","first-page":"367","article-title":"Triptolide inhibits inflammatory response and migration of fibroblast like synovial cells in rheumatoid arthritis through the circRNA 0003353\/JAK2\/STAT3 signaling pathway","volume":"42","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao J. South. Med. Univ."},{"key":"ref_239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.3892\/br.2021.1457","article-title":"Tripterygium wilfordii derivative LLDT-8 targets CD2 in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Rep."},{"key":"ref_240","first-page":"142","article-title":"Tripterygium wilfordii Inhibiting Angiogenesis for Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment","volume":"109","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Natl. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_241","first-page":"371","article-title":"A systematic review of randomised clinical trials of Tripterygium wilfordii for rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"13","author":"Canter","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phytomedicine Int. J. Phytother. Phytopharm."},{"key":"ref_242","first-page":"465","article-title":"A randomized double blind, placebo controlled trial of topical Tripterygium wilfordii in rheumatoid arthritis: Reanalysis using logistic regression analysis","volume":"30","author":"Cibere","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-018-0649-5","article-title":"Immunoregulatory effects of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F and its extracts in clinical practice","volume":"13","author":"Luo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"ref_244","first-page":"2160","article-title":"A phase I study of ethyl acetate extract of the chinese antirheumatic herb Tripterygium wilfordii hook F in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"28","author":"Tao","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2902","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6996","article-title":"The effectiveness and safety of Tripterygium wilfordii glycosides combined with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 40 randomized controlled trials","volume":"35","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1080\/14786410802187783","article-title":"The effect of triptolide on CD4+ and CD8+ cells in the Peyer\u2019s patch of DA rats with collagen induced arthritis","volume":"23","author":"Xiao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_247","first-page":"3384","article-title":"Study advances in regulation effect of Tripterygium wilfordii and its extracts on innate immune system in rheumatoid arthritis cases","volume":"44","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi = China J. Chin. Mater. Med."},{"key":"ref_248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fan, D., He, X., Bian, Y., Guo, Q., Zheng, K., Zhao, Y., Lu, C., Liu, B., Xu, X., and Zhang, G. (2016). Triptolide Modulates TREM-1 Signal Pathway to Inhibit the Inflammatory Response in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17040498"},{"key":"ref_249","first-page":"520","article-title":"Effects of Triptolide on the Autophagy in Synovial, Spleen and Thymus of Rats with Adjuvant Arthritis","volume":"48","author":"Wan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban = J. Sichuan Univ. Med. Sci. Ed."},{"key":"ref_250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2441","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.21683","article-title":"Triptolide modulates T-cell inflammatory responses and ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"86","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"ref_251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2016.08.029","article-title":"Protective effects of triptolide on TLR4 mediated autoimmune and inflammatory response induced myocardial fibrosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"193","author":"Guo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0b013e318269d076","article-title":"Triptolide ameliorates autoimmune diabetes and prolongs islet graft survival in nonobese diabetic mice","volume":"42","author":"Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"ref_253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107472","article-title":"Exploring a novel triptolide derivative possess anti-colitis effect via regulating T cell differentiation","volume":"94","author":"Fu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592084","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.592084","article-title":"Therapeutic Potential of Triptolide as an Anti-Inflammatory Agent in Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Murine Experimental Colitis","volume":"11","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.01652","article-title":"Effect of Triptolide on Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Ulcerative Colitis and Gut Microbiota in Mice","volume":"10","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2271","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2017.4778","article-title":"Interleukin 6 inhibition by triptolide prevents inflammation in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2016.3490","article-title":"Therapeutic effects of triptolide via the inhibition of IL-1\u03b2 expression in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2010.06.007","article-title":"Triptolide ameliorates IL-10-deficient mice colitis by mechanisms involving suppression of IL-6\/STAT3 signaling pathway and down-regulation of IL-17","volume":"47","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2008.08.019","article-title":"Therapeutic effects of triptolide on interleukin-10 gene-deficient mice with colitis","volume":"8","author":"Wei","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2008.07.018","article-title":"The suppressive effect of triptolide on chronic colitis and TNF-alpha\/TNFR2 signal pathway in interleukin-10 deficient mice","volume":"129","author":"Wei","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2012.04221.x","article-title":"Triptolide in the treatment of psoriasis and other immune-mediated inflammatory diseases","volume":"74","author":"Han","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_262","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02836473","article-title":"Clinical observation on effect of triptolide tablet in treating patients with psoriasis vulgaris","volume":"11","author":"Wu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chin. J. Integr. Med."},{"key":"ref_263","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2927","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S254466","article-title":"Triptolide Inhibits the Proliferation of HaCaT Cells Induced by IL22 via Upregulating miR-181b-5p","volume":"14","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. Ther."},{"key":"ref_264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.04.003","article-title":"Toxicity of triptolide and the molecular mechanisms involved","volume":"90","author":"Xi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother. = Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ruan, Q., Xu, Y., Xu, R., Wang, J., Hua, Y., Wang, M., and Duan, J. (2017). The Adverse Effects of Triptolide on the Reproductive System of Caenorhabditis elegans: Oogenesis Impairment and Decreased Oocyte Quality. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18020464"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/1\/95\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:45:31Z","timestamp":1760147131000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/1\/95"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]]},"references-count":265,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms24010095"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24010095","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]]}}}