{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T22:55:35Z","timestamp":1791327335728,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":240,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]],"date-time":"2022-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010621","name":"Medical University of Lublin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DS37"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DS37"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a linear polysaccharide and crucial component of the extracellular matrix (ECM), maintaining tissue hydration and tension. Moreover, HA contributes to embryonic development, healing, inflammation, and cancerogenesis. This review summarizes new research on the metabolism and interactions of HA with its binding proteins, known as hyaladherins (CD44, RHAMM), revealing the molecular basis for its distinct biological function in the development of cancer. The presence of HA on the surface of tumor cells is a sign of an adverse prognosis. The involvement of HA in malignancy has been extensively investigated using cancer-free naked mole rats as a model. The HA metabolic components are examined for their potential impact on promoting or inhibiting tumor formation, proliferation, invasion, and metastatic spread. High molecular weight HA is associated with homeostasis and protective action due to its ability to preserve tissue integrity. In contrast, low molecular weight HA indicates a pathological condition in the tissue and plays a role in pro-oncogenic activity. A systematic approach might uncover processes related to cancer growth, establish novel prognostic indicators, and identify potential targets for treatment action.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24010103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]],"date-time":"2022-12-22T01:33:12Z","timestamp":1671672792000},"page":"103","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"title":["Hyaluronic Acid as a Modern Approach in Anticancer Therapy-Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6290-939X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Michalczyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Medical Biology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4356-0828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewelina","family":"Humeniuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Medical Biology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1677-7247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Adamczuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Medical Biology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2027-9681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Korga-Plewko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Medical Biology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators (2016). Global, Regional, and National Life Expectancy, All-Cause Mortality, and Cause-Specific Mortality for 249 Causes of Death, 1980\u20132015: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet Lond. Engl., 388, 1459\u20131544."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.3945\/an.116.012211","article-title":"World Cancer Report 2014. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, WHO Press, 2015","volume":"7","author":"McGuire","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr. Bethesda Md"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2893","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25516","article-title":"Estimates of Worldwide Burden of Cancer in 2008: GLOBOCAN 2008","volume":"127","author":"Ferlay","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.20073","article-title":"Cancer Statistics, 2010","volume":"60","author":"Jemal","year":"2010","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21149","article-title":"Cancer Treatment and Survivorship Statistics, 2012","volume":"62","author":"Siegel","year":"2012","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21463","article-title":"Breakthroughs in Modern Cancer Therapy and Elusive Cardiotoxicity: Critical Research-Practice Gaps, Challenges, and Insights","volume":"38","author":"Zheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries","volume":"68","author":"Bray","year":"2018","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s10719-015-9586-6","article-title":"Biology and Biotechnology of Hyaluronan","volume":"32","author":"Viola","year":"2015","journal-title":"Glycoconj. J."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcb.2006.05.009","article-title":"Hyaluronan Fragments: An Information-Rich System","volume":"85","author":"Stern","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00231","article-title":"Hyaluronan\u2014A Functional and Structural Sweet Spot in the Tissue Microenvironment","volume":"6","author":"Monslow","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2017.00242","article-title":"A Trickster in Disguise: Hyaluronan\u2019s Ambivalent Roles in the Matrix","volume":"7","author":"Bohaumilitzky","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12234","article-title":"High-Molecular-Mass Hyaluronan Mediates the Cancer Resistance of the Naked Mole Rat","volume":"499","author":"Tian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20438","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000020438","article-title":"Hyaluronic Acid Predicts Poor Prognosis in Breast Cancer Patients: A Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta Analysis","volume":"99","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-0172(77)90020-8","article-title":"Structure of Hyaluronic Acid in Synovial Fluid and Its Influence on the Movement of Solutes","volume":"7","author":"Hadler","year":"1977","journal-title":"Semin. Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(00)00135-6","article-title":"Leeand JY, Spicer AP. Hyaluronan: A Multifunctional, MegaDalton, Stealth Molecule","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"H41","article-title":"Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications","volume":"23","author":"Burdick","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Deerfield Beach Fla."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fallacara, A., Baldini, E., Manfredini, S., and Vertuani, S. (2018). Hyaluronic Acid in the Third Millennium. Polymers, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym10070701"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2019.00192","article-title":"Hyaluronic Acid: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Trajectory","volume":"6","author":"Gupta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2015.05.010","article-title":"Dual-Stimuli Responsive Hyaluronic Acid-Conjugated Mesoporous Silica for Targeted Delivery to CD44-Overexpressing Cancer Cells","volume":"23","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1718","DOI":"10.2174\/092986709788186138","article-title":"Role, Metabolism, Chemical Modifications and Applications of Hyaluronan","volume":"16","author":"Volpi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"150","article-title":"The Where, When, How, and Why of Hyaluronan Binding by Immune Cells","volume":"6","author":"Dong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1021\/cr000108x","article-title":"Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering","volume":"101","author":"Lee","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.17221\/1930-VETMED","article-title":"Hyaluronic Acid (Hyaluronan): A Review","volume":"53","author":"Necas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet. Med. (Praha)"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563818","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/563818","article-title":"Size Matters: Molecular Weight Specificity of Hyaluronan Effects in Cell Biology","volume":"2015","author":"Cyphert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2013.06.013","article-title":"ROS-Major Mediators of Extracellular Matrix Remodeling during Tumor Progression","volume":"61","author":"Nikitovic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol. Int. J. Publ. Br. Ind. Biol. Res. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2010.11.017","article-title":"Hyaluronan in Human Malignancies","volume":"317","author":"Sironen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10814","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M606991200","article-title":"Formation of Hyaluronan- and Versican-Rich Pericellular Matrix by Prostate Cancer Cells Promotes Cell Motility","volume":"282","author":"Ricciardelli","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Price, Z.K., Lokman, N.A., and Ricciardelli, C. (2018). Differing Roles of Hyaluronan Molecular Weight on Cancer Cell Behavior and Chemotherapy Resistance. Cancers, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers10120482"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1080\/15216540214929","article-title":"Mammalian Hyaluronan Synthases","volume":"54","author":"Itano","year":"2002","journal-title":"IUBMB Life"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20999","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M700915200","article-title":"Hyaluronan Export by the ABC Transporter MRP5 and Its Modulation by Intracellular CGMP","volume":"282","author":"Schulz","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.037","article-title":"The Magic Glue Hyaluronan and Its Eraser Hyaluronidase: A Biological Overview","volume":"80","author":"Girish","year":"2007","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14636","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M500206200","article-title":"The Human Hyaluronan Synthase 2 Gene Is a Primary Retinoic Acid and Epidermal Growth Factor Responding Gene","volume":"280","author":"Saavalainen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1042\/bst0270109","article-title":"Mammalian Hyaluronan (HA) Syntheses: Investigation of Functional Relationships In Vivo","volume":"27","author":"Spicer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI10272","article-title":"Disruption of Hyaluronan Synthase-2 Abrogates Normal Cardiac Morphogenesis and Hyaluronan-Mediated Transformation of Epithelium to Mesenchyme","volume":"106","author":"Camenisch","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-409X(91)90004-V","article-title":"Turnover of Hyaluronan in the Tissues","volume":"7","author":"Laurent","year":"1991","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1021\/cr050247k","article-title":"Hyaluronidases: Their Genomics, Structures, and Mechanisms of Action","volume":"106","author":"Stern","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"761","article-title":"Oligosaccharides of Hyaluronan Induce Angiogenesis through Distinct CD44 and RHAMM-Mediated Signalling Pathways Involving Cdc2 and \u03b3-Adducin","volume":"35","author":"Gaffney","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"180594","article-title":"Pathophysiology of the Peritoneal Membrane during Peritoneal Dialysis: The Role of Hyaluronan","volume":"2011","author":"Yung","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2622","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2006.01537.x","article-title":"The Role of Hyaluronan Degradation Products as Innate Alloimmune Agonists","volume":"6","author":"Tesar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a1","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.1996.32","article-title":"The Structure and Function of Hyaluronan: An Overview","volume":"74","author":"Laurent","year":"1996","journal-title":"Immunol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-019-0036-1","article-title":"Lysosomes as a Therapeutic Target","volume":"18","author":"Bonam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00261","article-title":"The Content and Size of Hyaluronan in Biological Fluids and Tissues","volume":"6","author":"Cowman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00672a014","article-title":"Glycosaminoglycans of Brain during Development","volume":"14","author":"Margolis","year":"1975","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"9","article-title":"Hyaluronan Is Required for Generation of Hematopoietic Cells during Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells","volume":"5","author":"Schraufstatter","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"579","article-title":"Hyaluronan in Wound Healing: Rediscovering a Major Player","volume":"22","author":"Aya","year":"2014","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen. Off. Publ. Wound Health Soc. Eur. Tissue Repair Soc."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R102","DOI":"10.1186\/cc6982","article-title":"High-Molecular-Weight Hyaluronan\u2014A Possible New Treatment for Sepsis-Induced Lung Injury: A Preclinical Study in Mechanically Ventilated Rats","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2009.06.013","article-title":"BFGF Induces Changes in Hyaluronan Synthase and Hyaluronidase Isoform Expression and Modulates the Migration Capacity of Fibrosarcoma Cells","volume":"1790","author":"Berdiaki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3024","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-10-0529","article-title":"Hyaluronan Inhibits Postchemotherapy Tumor Regrowth in a Colon Carcinoma Xenograft Model","volume":"9","author":"Mueller","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00169","article-title":"Cancer Microenvironment and Inflammation: Role of Hyaluronan","volume":"6","author":"Nikitovic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200112455","article-title":"The Adhesion Receptor CD44 Promotes Atherosclerosis by Mediating Inflammatory Cell Recruitment and Vascular Cell Activation","volume":"108","author":"Cuff","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-014-0381-1","article-title":"Hyaluroan-Regulated Lymphatic Permeability through S1P Receptors Is Crucial for Cancer Metastasis","volume":"32","author":"Yu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med. Oncol. Northwood Lond. Engl."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2009.01.024","article-title":"Rheostatic Signaling by CD44 and Hyaluronan","volume":"21","author":"Assoian","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell. Signal."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2012.06.071","article-title":"Hyaluronan Regulates PPAR\u03b3 and Inflammatory Responses in IL-1\u03b2-Stimulated Human Chondrosarcoma Cells, a Model for Osteoarthritis","volume":"90","author":"Chang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2376","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16050-w","article-title":"Naked Mole-Rat Very-High-Molecular-Mass Hyaluronan Exhibits Superior Cytoprotective Properties","volume":"11","author":"Takasugi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-9726.2008.00431.x","article-title":"Distinct Tumor Suppressor Mechanisms Evolve in Rodent Species That Differ in Size and Lifespan","volume":"7","author":"Seluanov","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.1302","article-title":"NF-KB and Caspases Are Involved in the Hyaluronan and Chondroitin-4-Sulphate-Exerted Antioxidant Effect in Fibroblast Cultures Exposed to Oxidative Stress","volume":"28","author":"Campo","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Appl. Toxicol. JAT"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1007\/s00360-007-0237-5","article-title":"Negligible Senescence in the Longest Living Rodent, the Naked Mole-Rat: Insights from a Successfully Aging Species","volume":"178","author":"Buffenstein","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol. [B]"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985812471543","article-title":"Spontaneous Histologic Lesions of the Adult Naked Mole Rat (Heterocephalus glaber): A Retrospective Survey of Lesions in a Zoo Population","volume":"50","author":"Delaney","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s12079-015-0278-6","article-title":"Cancer Resistance, High Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acid, and Longevity","volume":"9","author":"Fisher","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cell Commun. Signal."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19352","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0905252106","article-title":"Hypersensitivity to Contact Inhibition Provides a Clue to Cancer Resistance of Naked Mole-Rat","volume":"106","author":"Seluanov","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.189601","article-title":"The NF2 Tumor Suppressor Gene Product, Merlin, Mediates Contact Inhibition of Growth through Interactions with CD44","volume":"15","author":"Morrison","year":"2001","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1418203112","article-title":"INK4 Locus of the Tumor-Resistant Rodent, the Naked Mole Rat, Expresses a Functional P15\/P16 Hybrid Isoform","volume":"112","author":"Tian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2005.08.009","article-title":"Tumour Suppressor Retinoblastoma Protein Rb: A Transcriptional Regulator","volume":"41","author":"Zhu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11471","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11471","article-title":"Tumour Resistance in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Derived from Naked Mole-Rats","volume":"7","author":"Miyawaki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2004.07.009","article-title":"Species- and Cell Type-Specific Requirements for Cellular Transformation","volume":"6","author":"Rangarajan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01126","article-title":"A Recombinant Fragment of Human Surfactant Protein D Induces Apoptosis in Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines via Fas-Mediated Pathway","volume":"9","author":"Kaur","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-018-0004-9","article-title":"Mechanisms of Cancer Resistance in Long-Lived Mammals","volume":"18","author":"Seluanov","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1002\/cm.20544","article-title":"Interaction of Low Molecular Weight Hyaluronan with CD44 and Toll-like Receptors Promotes the Actin Filament-Associated Protein 110-Actin Binding and MyD88-NF\u03baB Signaling Leading to Proinflammatory Cytokine\/Chemokine Production and Breast Tumor Invasion","volume":"68","author":"Bourguignon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cytoskeleton"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.21557","article-title":"Therapeutic Potential of Hyaluronan Oligosaccharides for Bone Metastasis of Breast Cancer","volume":"30","author":"Urakawa","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res. Off. Publ. Orthop. Res. Soc."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1016\/S1734-1140(13)71465-8","article-title":"Hyaluronan: Towards Novel Anti-Cancer Therapeutics","volume":"65","author":"Karbownik","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rep. PR"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712561","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/712561","article-title":"Stimulation of TLR4 by LMW-HA Induces Metastasis in Human Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma through CXCR7","volume":"2013","author":"Dang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Dev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2014.332","article-title":"Accumulation of Small Hyaluronan Oligosaccharides in Tumour Interstitial Fluid Correlates with Lymphatic Invasion and Lymph Node Metastasis","volume":"111","author":"Schmaus","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24195","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M411913200","article-title":"Hyaluronan Fragments Induce Endothelial Cell Differentiation in a CD44- and CXCL1\/GRO1-Dependent Manner","volume":"280","author":"Takahashi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2007.060793","article-title":"Hyperproduction of Hyaluronan in Neu-Induced Mammary Tumor Accelerates Angiogenesis through Stromal Cell Recruitment","volume":"170","author":"Koyama","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2008.00885.x","article-title":"Impact of the Hyaluronan-Rich Tumor Microenvironment on Cancer Initiation and Progression","volume":"99","author":"Itano","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2015.11.011","article-title":"Hyaluronic Acid for Anticancer Drug and Nucleic Acid Delivery","volume":"97","author":"Dosio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4889(02)00246-X","article-title":"CD44 Stimulation by Fragmented Hyaluronic Acid Induces Upregulation and Tyrosine Phosphorylation of C-Met Receptor Protein in Human Chondrosarcoma Cells","volume":"1591","author":"Suzuki","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_78","first-page":"1290","article-title":"A Novel Role of Low Molecular Weight Hyaluronan in Breast Cancer Metastasis","volume":"29","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"FASEB J. Off. Publ. Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7593","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-09-2317","article-title":"Inhibition of Functional Hyaluronan-CD44 Interactions in CD133-Positive Primary Human Ovarian Carcinoma Cells by Small Hyaluronan Oligosaccharides","volume":"15","author":"Slomiany","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res. Off. J. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/0955-0674(90)90081-O","article-title":"Hyaluronan and Its Binding Proteins, the Hyaladherins","volume":"2","author":"Toole","year":"1990","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.3109\/1061186X.2015.1052072","article-title":"Hyaluronic Acid Targeting of CD44 for Cancer Therapy: From Receptor Biology to Nanomedicine","volume":"23","author":"Mattheolabakis","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Drug Target."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00201","article-title":"Interactions between Hyaluronan and Its Receptors (CD44, RHAMM) Regulate the Activities of Inflammation and Cancer","volume":"6","author":"Misra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1080\/10408360290795574","article-title":"CD44 in Cancer","volume":"39","author":"Naor","year":"2002","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2017.00018","article-title":"CD44: A Multifunctional Cell Surface Adhesion Receptor Is a Regulator of Progression and Metastasis of Cancer Cells","volume":"5","author":"Senbanjo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2016.10.001","article-title":"Roles and Targeting of the HAS\/Hyaluronan\/CD44 Molecular System in Cancer","volume":"59","author":"Karousou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Matrix Biol. J. Int. Soc. Matrix Biol."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3023","article-title":"CD44: Can a Cancer-Initiating Cell Profit from an Abundantly Expressed Molecule?","volume":"11","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708036","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/708036","article-title":"Significance of CD44 and CD24 as Cancer Stem Cell Markers: An Enduring Ambiguity","volume":"2012","author":"Jaggupilli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Dev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2011.01.007","article-title":"Identification of Cancer Stem-like CD44+ Cells in Human Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cell Line","volume":"42","author":"Su","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15578","DOI":"10.1039\/C8NR05294H","article-title":"A Multi-Functional Macrophage and Tumor Targeting Gene Delivery System for the Regulation of Macrophage Polarity and Reversal of Cancer Immunoresistance","volume":"10","author":"He","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"ref_90","first-page":"16560","article-title":"The Relationship of Hyaluronic Acid-CD44 on Cancer Progression and Hyaluronic Acid-Based Self-Assembled Nanoparticle Roles","volume":"22","author":"Canbek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. J. Sci. Tech. Res."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00420","article-title":"Lipid Raft-Mediated Regulation of Hyaluronan-CD44 Interactions in Inflammation and Cancer","volume":"6","author":"Murai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1042\/bst0270135","article-title":"Receptor for Hyaluronan-Mediated Motility (RHAMM), a Hyaladherin That Regulates Cell Responses to Growth Factors","volume":"27","author":"Cheung","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1593\/neo.09694","article-title":"RHAMM (CD168) Is Overexpressed at the Protein Level and May Constitute an Immunogenic Antigen in Advanced Prostate Cancer Disease","volume":"11","author":"Gust","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neoplasia"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2014.02.001","article-title":"Hyaluronan: Biosynthesis and Signaling","volume":"1840","author":"Vigetti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2013.12.019","article-title":"Hyaluronan: A Simple Polysaccharide with Diverse Biological Functions","volume":"10","author":"Dicker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00052.2009","article-title":"Hyaluronan as an Immune Regulator in Human Diseases","volume":"91","author":"Jiang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1093\/jb\/mvt085","article-title":"Deregulation of Hyaluronan Synthesis, Degradation and Binding Promotes Breast Cancer","volume":"154","author":"Heldin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biochem. (Tokyo)"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1731-1739","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1402383111","article-title":"Cellular Heterogeneity Profiling by Hyaluronan Probes Reveals an Invasive but Slow-Growing Breast Tumor Subset","volume":"111","author":"Veiseh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1097\/PAI.0000000000000763","article-title":"Expression of the Receptor for Hyaluronic Acid\u2013Mediated Motility (RHAMM) in Endometrial Cancer Is Associated With Adverse Histologic Parameters and Tumor Progression","volume":"28","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Immunohistochem. Mol. Morphol."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18679","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M313178200","article-title":"Selective Expression and Functional Characteristics of Three Mammalian Hyaluronan Synthases in Oncogenic Malignant Transformation","volume":"279","author":"Itano","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Poukka, M., Bykachev, A., Siiskonen, H., Tyynel\u00e4-Korhonen, K., Auvinen, P., Pasonen-Sepp\u00e4nen, S., and Sironen, R. (2016). Decreased Expression of Hyaluronan Synthase 1 and 2 Associates with Poor Prognosis in Cutaneous Melanoma. BMC Cancer, 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-016-2344-8"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.22222","article-title":"HAS1 Expression in Bladder Cancer and Its Relation to Urinary HA Test","volume":"120","author":"Golshani","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2006.060032","article-title":"Concurrent Expression of Hyaluronan Biosynthetic and Processing Enzymes Promotes Growth and Vascularization of Prostate Tumors in Mice","volume":"169","author":"Simpson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42349","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.278598","article-title":"Hyaluronan Synthase 2 (HAS2) Promotes Breast Cancer Cell Invasion by Suppression of Tissue Metalloproteinase Inhibitor 1 (TIMP-1)","volume":"286","author":"Bernert","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2557","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.22550","article-title":"Silencing of Hyaluronan Synthase 2 Suppresses the Malignant Phenotype of Invasive Breast Cancer Cells","volume":"120","author":"Li","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.22991","article-title":"Role of Hyaluronan Synthase 2 to Promote CD44-Dependent Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2008.03.006","article-title":"Altered Hyaluronan Biosynthesis in Cancer Progression","volume":"18","author":"Itano","year":"2008","journal-title":"Semin. Cancer Biol."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37R","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/12.3.37R","article-title":"Hyaluronan Promotes the Malignant Phenotype","volume":"12","author":"Toole","year":"2002","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.11.008","article-title":"Inhibition of Hyaluronan Synthases Decreases Matrix Metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) Expression and Activity","volume":"145","author":"Dunn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2005.03.026","article-title":"Antisense Inhibition of Hyaluronan Synthase-2 in Human Osteosarcoma Cells Inhibits Hyaluronan Retention and Tumorigenicity","volume":"307","author":"Nishida","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_111","first-page":"5207","article-title":"Hyaluronan Synthase 3 Overexpression Promotes the Growth of TSU Prostate Cancer Cells","volume":"61","author":"Liu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2937","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.14847","article-title":"Dissecting the Role of Hyaluronan Synthases in the Tumor Microenvironment","volume":"286","author":"Passi","year":"2019","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00236","article-title":"Hyaluronan, Inflammation, and Breast Cancer Progression","volume":"6","author":"Schwertfeger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4091","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.708909","article-title":"Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells Modulate Chemokine Expression and Hyaluronan Synthesis in Fibroblasts","volume":"291","author":"Kretschmer","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-800092-2.00001-0","article-title":"Emerging Roles for Hyaluronidase in Cancer Metastasis and Therapy","volume":"123","author":"McAtee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2008.03.008","article-title":"Hyalurondiase: Both a Tumor Promoter and Suppressor","volume":"18","author":"Lokeshwar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Semin. Cancer Biol."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bouga, H., Tsouros, I., Bounias, D., Kyriakopoulou, D., Stavropoulos, M.S., Papageorgakopoulou, N., Theocharis, D.A., and Vynios, D.H. (2010). Involvement of Hyaluronidases in Colorectal Cancer. BMC Cancer, 10.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-10-499"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tan, J.-X., Wang, X.-Y., Su, X.-L., Li, H.-Y., Shi, Y., Wang, L., and Ren, G.-S. (2011). Upregulation of HYAL1 Expression in Breast Cancer Promoted Tumor Cell Proliferation, Migration, Invasion and Angiogenesis. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022836"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25460","article-title":"HYAL1 Overexpression Is Correlated with the Malignant Behavior of Human Breast Cancer","volume":"128","author":"Tan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2243","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-04-2805","article-title":"HYAL1 Hyaluronidase: A Molecular Determinant of Bladder Tumor Growth and Invasion","volume":"65","author":"Lokeshwar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.10683","article-title":"Expression of Hyaluronan Synthase 2 or Hyaluronidase 1 Differentially Affect the Growth Rate of Transplantable Colon Carcinoma Cell Tumors","volume":"102","author":"Jacobson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1203317","article-title":"HYAL1LUCA-1, a Candidate Tumor Suppressor Gene on Chromosome 3p21.3, Is Inactivated in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas by Aberrant Splicing of Pre-MRNA","volume":"19","author":"Frost","year":"2000","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang, N.-S. (2002). Transforming Growth Factor-Beta1 Blocks the Enhancement of Tumor Necrosis Factor Cytotoxicity by Hyaluronidase Hyal-2 in L929 Fibroblasts. BMC Cell Biol., 3.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2121-3-8"},{"key":"ref_124","first-page":"2715","article-title":"Expression of Several Genes in the Human Chromosome 3p21.3 Homozygous Deletion Region by an Adenovirus Vector Results in Tumor Suppressor Activities in Vitro and in Vivo","volume":"62","author":"Ji","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng, X.-B., Sato, N., Kohi, S., and Yamaguchi, K. (2013). Prognostic Impact of Hyaluronan and Its Regulators in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0080765"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nykopp, T.K., Rilla, K., Sironen, R., Tammi, M.I., Tammi, R.H., H\u00e4m\u00e4l\u00e4inen, K., Heikkinen, A.-M., Komulainen, M., Kosma, V.-M., and Anttila, M. (2009). Expression of Hyaluronan Synthases (HAS1\u20133) and Hyaluronidases (HYAL1\u20132) in Serous Ovarian Carcinomas: Inverse Correlation between HYAL1 and Hyaluronan Content. BMC Cancer, 9.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-9-143"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2015.01.525","article-title":"Decreased Hyaluronidase 1 Expression Is Associated with Early Disease Recurrence in Human Endometrial Cancer","volume":"137","author":"Nykopp","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kobayashi, T., Chanmee, T., and Itano, N. (2020). Hyaluronan: Metabolism and Function. Biomolecules, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10111525"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16049","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M806688200","article-title":"Transforming Growth Factor \u03921 Signaling via Interaction with Cell Surface Hyal-2 and Recruitment of WWOX\/WOX1","volume":"284","author":"Hsu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19137","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.13268","article-title":"Hyaluronan Activates Hyal-2\/WWOX\/Smad4 Signaling and Causes Bubbling Cell Death When the Signaling Complex Is Overexpressed","volume":"8","author":"Hsu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yoffou, P.H., Edjekouane, L., Meunier, L., Tremblay, A., Provencher, D.M., Mes-Masson, A.-M., and Carmona, E. (2011). Subtype Specific Elevated Expression of Hyaluronidase-1 (HYAL-1) in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020705"},{"key":"ref_132","first-page":"1232","article-title":"Sensitivity and Specificity of Urinary Hyaluronic Acid and Hyaluronidase in Detection of Bladder Transitional Cell Carcinoma","volume":"11","author":"Jamshidian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Urol. J."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3835(98)00199-2","article-title":"Reversal of Intrinsic and Acquired Forms of Drug Resistance by Hyaluronidase Treatment of Solid Tumors","volume":"131","author":"Man","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-11-0136","article-title":"Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer: Why Hyaluronidase Deserves a Second Look","volume":"1","author":"Whatcott","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2403","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119054","article-title":"Hyaluronan (HA) Fragments Induce Chemokine Gene Expression in Alveolar Macrophages. The Role of HA Size and CD44","volume":"98","author":"McKee","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2007.00638.x","article-title":"Hyaluronan Fragments Induce Cytokine and Metalloprotease Upregulation in Human Melanoma Cells in Part by Signalling via TLR4","volume":"17","author":"Voelcker","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1700713","article-title":"Role of CD44 in Regulating Toll-like Receptor 2 (TLR2) Activation of Human Macrophages and Downstream Expression of Proinflammatory Cytokines","volume":"200","author":"Qadri","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2947","article-title":"Neutrophils Promote Motility of Cancer Cells via a Hyaluronan-Mediated TLR4\/PI3K Activation Loop","volume":"225","author":"Wu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-012-1504-7","article-title":"Lentiviral-Mediated over-Expression of Hyaluronan Synthase-1 (HAS-1) Decreases the Cellular Inflammatory Response and Results in Regenerative Wound Repair","volume":"351","author":"Caskey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shi, Q., Zhao, L., Xu, C., Zhang, L., and Zhao, H. (2019). High Molecular Weight Hyaluronan Suppresses Macrophage M1 Polarization and Enhances IL-10 Production in PM2.5-Induced Lung Inflammation. Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24091766"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2018.00048","article-title":"Hyaluronan, Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts and the Tumor Microenvironment in Malignant Progression","volume":"6","author":"McCarthy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2796","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2009.139","article-title":"An Anchorage-Independent Cell Growth Signature Identifies Tumors with Metastatic Potential","volume":"28","author":"Mori","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.2174\/138920207782446160","article-title":"The Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Pathway in Human Cancer: Genetic Alterations and Therapeutic Implications","volume":"8","author":"Arcaro","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Genom."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3609","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.052026799","article-title":"Abnormal Accumulation of Hyaluronan Matrix Diminishes Contact Inhibition of Cell Growth and Promotes Cell Migration","volume":"99","author":"Itano","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_145","first-page":"1141","article-title":"Overproduction of Hyaluronan by Expression of the Hyaluronan Synthase Has2 Enhances Anchorage-Independent Growth and Tumorigenicity","volume":"59","author":"Kosaki","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5186","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2012.542","article-title":"CD44 Promotes Kras-Dependent Lung Adenocarcinoma","volume":"32","author":"Zhao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-4598-13-52","article-title":"Hyaluronan-CD44 Interaction Promotes c-Jun Signaling and MiRNA21 Expression Leading to Bcl-2 Expression and Chemoresistance in Breast Cancer Cells","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_148","first-page":"1997","article-title":"ERK\/MAPK Signalling Pathway and Tumorigenesis","volume":"19","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_149","first-page":"987","article-title":"Angiogenic Oligosaccharides of Hyaluronan Induce Protein Tyrosine Kinase Activity in Endothelial Cells and Activate a Cytoplasmic Signal Transduction Pathway Resulting in Proliferation","volume":"78","author":"Slevin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lab. Investig. J. Tech. Methods Pathol."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31823","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M802934200","article-title":"Differential Activation of ERK and Rac Mediates the Proliferative and Anti-Proliferative Effects of Hyaluronan and CD44","volume":"283","author":"Kothapalli","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16667","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M702078200","article-title":"The Hyaluronan Receptors CD44 and Rhamm (CD168) Form Complexes with ERK1,2 That Sustain High Basal Motility in Breast Cancer Cells","volume":"282","author":"Hamilton","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2003.12.009","article-title":"CD44 Negatively Regulates Apoptosis in Murine Colonic Epithelium via the Mitochondrial Pathway","volume":"76","author":"Lakshman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2004.03.002","article-title":"CD44 Promotes Resistance to Apoptosis in Human Colon Cancer Cells","volume":"77","author":"Lakshman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_154","first-page":"47","article-title":"Induction of Apoptosis by Anti-CD44 Antibody in Human Chondrosarcoma Cell Line SW1353","volume":"29","author":"Yoshida","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Tokyo Jpn."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.23.090506.123337","article-title":"Hyaluronan in Tissue Injury and Repair","volume":"23","author":"Jiang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4085","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-10-4610","article-title":"Targeting Hyaluronidase for Cancer Therapy: Antitumor Activity of Sulfated Hyaluronic Acid in Prostate Cancer Cells","volume":"71","author":"Benitez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1021\/bm050867v","article-title":"Degradative Action of Reactive Oxygen Species on Hyaluronan","volume":"7","author":"Mendichi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9132","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M804178200","article-title":"Effects of Hyaluronic Acid on Mitochondrial Function and Mitochondria-Driven Apoptosis Following Oxidative Stress in Human Chondrocytes","volume":"284","author":"Grishko","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12032","article-title":"Intercellular Pathway through Hyaluronic Acid in UVB-Induced Inflammation","volume":"21","author":"Hiramoto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811434","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.811434","article-title":"The Impact of Hyaluronan on Tumor Progression in Cutaneous Melanoma","volume":"11","author":"Takabe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_161","first-page":"1159","article-title":"Protective Effect of Hyaluronate on Oxidative DNA Damage in WI-38 and A549 Cells","volume":"32","author":"Zhao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gallorini, M., Antonetti Lamorgese Passeri, C., Cataldi, A., Berardi, A.C., and Osti, L. (2022). Hyaluronic Acid Alleviates Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Human Tenocytes via Caspase 3 and 7. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23158817"},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2018.03.020","article-title":"High Molecular Weight Hyaluronan Attenuates Fine Particulate Matter-Induced Acute Lung Injury through Inhibition of ROS-ASK1-P38\/JNK-Mediated Epithelial Apoptosis","volume":"59","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2018.05.003","article-title":"Liver Cancer Initiation Requires P53 Inhibition by CD44-Enhanced Growth Factor Signaling","volume":"33","author":"Dhar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-019-0937-4","article-title":"The Role of MDM2 Amplification and Overexpression in Therapeutic Resistance of Malignant Tumors","volume":"19","author":"Hou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17635","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M800109200","article-title":"Hyaluronan-CD44 Interaction Activates Stem Cell Marker Nanog, Stat-3-Mediated MDR1 Gene Expression, and Ankyrin-Regulated Multidrug Efflux in Breast and Ovarian Tumor Cells","volume":"283","author":"Bourguignon","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gerardo-Ram\u00edrez, M., Keggenhoff, F.L., Giam, V., Becker, D., Groth, M., Hartmann, N., Straub, B.K., Morrison, H., Galle, P.R., and Marquardt, J.U. (2022). CD44 Contributes to the Regulation of MDR1 Protein and Doxorubicin Chemoresistance in Osteosarcoma. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23158616"},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20310","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M500737200","article-title":"Regulation of MDR1 Expression and Drug Resistance by a Positive Feedback Loop Involving Hyaluronan, Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase, and ErbB2","volume":"280","author":"Misra","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ricciardelli, C., Ween, M.P., Lokman, N.A., Tan, I.A., Pyragius, C.E., and Oehler, M.K. (2013). Chemotherapy-Induced Hyaluronan Production: A Novel Chemoresistance Mechanism in Ovarian Cancer. BMC Cancer, 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-13-476"},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2015.00180","article-title":"Key Roles of Hyaluronan and Its CD44 Receptor in the Stemness and Survival of Cancer Stem Cells","volume":"5","author":"Chanmee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7073","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-09-4687","article-title":"Hyaluronan Deficiency in Tumor Stroma Impairs Macrophage Trafficking and Tumor Neovascularization","volume":"70","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2408340","article-title":"Angiogenesis Induced by Degradation Products of Hyaluronic Acid","volume":"228","author":"West","year":"1985","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2006.08.261","article-title":"Hyaluronan-Mediated Angiogenesis in Vascular Disease: Uncovering RHAMM and CD44 Receptor Signaling Pathways","volume":"26","author":"Slevin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Matrix Biol. J. Int. Soc. Matrix Biol."},{"key":"ref_174","first-page":"2499","article-title":"Relationship between Hyaluronan Production and Metastatic Potential of Mouse Mammary Carcinoma Cells1","volume":"59","author":"Itano","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9327","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b15187","article-title":"Modulating Three-Dimensional Microenvironment with Hyaluronan of Different Molecular Weights Alters Breast Cancer Cell Invasion Behavior","volume":"9","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1808","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2012.1993","article-title":"Enhanced Membrane-Type 1 Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression by Hyaluronan Oligosaccharides in Breast Cancer Cells Facilitates CD44 Cleavage and Tumor Cell Migration","volume":"28","author":"Kung","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E106","DOI":"10.25011\/cim.v31i3.3467","article-title":"Hyaluronan Oligosaccharides Are Potential Stimulators to Angiogenesis via RHAMM Mediated Signal Pathway in Wound Healing","volume":"31","author":"Gao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Investig. Med. Med. Clin. Exp."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2006.060206","article-title":"Involvement of Endothelial CD44 during in Vivo Angiogenesis","volume":"169","author":"Cao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.2174\/1389450054863662","article-title":"Decreasing the Metastatic Potential in Cancers\u2013Targeting the Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans","volume":"6","author":"Fjeldstad","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Targets"},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13125","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202000380RR","article-title":"The Role of CD44 in Pathological Angiogenesis","volume":"34","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.14.2.163","article-title":"Cell Surface-Localized Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Proteolytically Activates TGF-Beta and Promotes Tumor Invasion and Angiogenesis","volume":"14","author":"Yu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0004(01)01974-0","article-title":"The Many Faces of Ras: Recognition of Small GTP-Binding Proteins","volume":"26","author":"Corbett","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2713","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.114.15.2713","article-title":"Rho GTPases and Cell Migration","volume":"114","author":"Ridley","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3607","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867323666160824162133","article-title":"Hyaluronan in Medical Practice","volume":"23","author":"Volpi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1007\/s40199-021-00416-6","article-title":"Hyaluronic Acid-Based Drug Nanocarriers as a Novel Drug Delivery System for Cancer Chemotherapy: A Systematic Review","volume":"29","author":"Salari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Daru J. Fac. Pharm. Tehran Univ. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532457","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.532457","article-title":"Development of a Hyaluronic Acid-Based Nanocarrier Incorporating Doxorubicin and Cisplatin as a PH-Sensitive and CD44-Targeted Anti-Breast Cancer Drug Delivery System","volume":"11","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10542","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-10836-7","article-title":"Hyaluronic Acid Coated Chitosan Nanoparticles Reduced the Immunogenicity of the Formed Protein Corona","volume":"7","author":"Almalik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537560","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/537560","article-title":"Utilization of Glycosaminoglycans\/Proteoglycans as Carriers for Targeted Therapy Delivery","volume":"2015","author":"Misra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084890","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1084890","article-title":"Degraded Hyaluronic Acid-Modified Magnetic Nanoparticles","volume":"2020","author":"Nie","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Nanomater."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, S.Y., Kang, M.S., Jeong, W.Y., Han, D.-W., and Kim, K.S. (2020). Hyaluronic Acid-Based Theranostic Nanomedicines for Targeted Cancer Therapy. Cancers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12040940"},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2011.08071.x","article-title":"Hyaluronan-CD44 Interactions as Potential Targets for Cancer Therapy","volume":"278","author":"Misra","year":"2011","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1021\/mp800024g","article-title":"Anticancer Therapeutics: Targeting Macromolecules and Nanocarriers to Hyaluronan or CD44, a Hyaluronan Receptor","volume":"5","author":"Platt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.01.079","article-title":"CD44 Variant DNA Vaccination with Virtual Lymph Node Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis through the Induction of Apoptosis","volume":"258","author":"Garin","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3399","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1204435","article-title":"Soluble CD44 Inhibits Melanoma Tumor Growth by Blocking Cell Surface CD44 Binding to Hyaluronic Acid","volume":"20","author":"Ahrens","year":"2001","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-800092-2.00002-2","article-title":"Targeting Hyaluronic Acid Family for Cancer Chemoprevention and Therapy","volume":"Volume 123","author":"Lokeshwar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Advances in Cancer Research"},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2446","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-18-1225","article-title":"Hyaluronic Acid Binding to TLR4 Promotes Proliferation and Blocks Apoptosis in Colon Cancer","volume":"18","author":"Makkar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.26014","article-title":"Inhibition of Hyaluronan Synthesis in Breast Cancer Cells by 4-Methylumbelliferone Suppresses Tumorigenicity in Vitro and Metastatic Lesions of Bone in Vivo","volume":"130","author":"Urakawa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2613","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-09-3185","article-title":"Antitumor Activity of Hyaluronic Acid Synthesis Inhibitor 4-Methylumbelliferone in Prostate Cancer Cells","volume":"70","author":"Lokeshwar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-005-0016-5","article-title":"4-Methylumbelliferone, a Hyaluronan Synthase Suppressor, Enhances the Anticancer Activity of Gemcitabine in Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells","volume":"57","author":"Nakazawa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4992","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-09-0143","article-title":"Abrogating Drug Resistance in Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors by Disrupting Hyaluronan-CD44 Interactions with Small Hyaluronan Oligosaccharides","volume":"69","author":"Slomiany","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2007.060828","article-title":"Hyaluronan Oligosaccharides Inhibit Tumorigenicity of Osteosarcoma Cell Lines MG-63 and LM-8 in Vitro and in Vivo via Perturbation of Hyaluronan-Rich Pericellular Matrix of the Cells","volume":"171","author":"Hosono","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_202","first-page":"367","article-title":"Cancer Cell Specific Targeting of Nanogels from Acetylated Hyaluronic Acid with Low Molecular Weight","volume":"40","author":"Park","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. Off. J. Eur. Fed. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4106","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.0c00762","article-title":"Redox-Sensitive Hyaluronic Acid Polymer Prodrug Nanoparticles for Enhancing Intracellular Drug Self-Delivery and Targeted Cancer Therapy","volume":"6","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.201300383","article-title":"Tailored Doxorubicin-Hyaluronan Conjugate as a Potent Anticancer Glyco-Drug: An Alternative to Prodrug Approach","volume":"14","author":"Oommen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Macromol. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.29957","article-title":"Hyaluronic Acid Optimises Therapeutic Effects of Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress on Breast Cancer","volume":"236","author":"Abbasi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2009.014704","article-title":"High-Dose RHAMM-R3 Peptide Vaccination for Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Multiple Myeloma","volume":"95","author":"Greiner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.2174\/138920108785161569","article-title":"Hyaluronan Oligosaccharides as a Potential Anticancer Therapeutic","volume":"9","author":"Toole","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25285","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C300173200","article-title":"Regulation of Multidrug Resistance in Cancer Cells by Hyaluronan","volume":"278","author":"Misra","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2013.05.036","article-title":"The Use of HA Oligosaccharide-Loaded Nanoparticles to Breach the Endogenous Hyaluronan Glycocalyx for Breast Cancer Therapy","volume":"34","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.23122","article-title":"Hyaluronan Oligosaccharides Sensitize Lymphoma Resistant Cell Lines to Vincristine by Modulating P-Glycoprotein Activity and PI3K\/Akt Pathway","volume":"122","author":"Alaniz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwv107","article-title":"Hyaluronan Oligomers Sensitize Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cell Lines to the Effect of Imatinib","volume":"26","author":"Papademetrio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14335","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M703811200","article-title":"Hyaluronan Constitutively Regulates Activation of COX-2-Mediated Cell Survival Activity in Intestinal Epithelial and Colon Carcinoma Cells","volume":"283","author":"Misra","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38013","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M202404200","article-title":"Hyaluronan Oligosaccharides Inhibit Anchorage-Independent Growth of Tumor Cells by Suppressing the Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase\/Akt Cell Survival Pathway","volume":"277","author":"Ghatak","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mbplus.2019.100008","article-title":"Molecular Size-Dependent Specificity of Hyaluronan on Functional Properties, Morphology and Matrix Composition of Mammary Cancer Cells","volume":"3","author":"Tavianatou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Matrix Biol. Plus"},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.10668","article-title":"Hyaluronidase Reduces Human Breast Cancer Xenografts in SCID Mice","volume":"102","author":"Shuster","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5345","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.154.10.5345","article-title":"Lymph Node (but Not Spleen) Invasion by Murine Lymphoma Is Both CD44- and Hyaluronate-Dependent","volume":"154","author":"Zahalka","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, P.K., Halbrook, C.J., Kerk, S.A., Wisner, S., Kremer, D.M., Sajjakulnukit, P., Hou, S.W., Thurston, G., Anand, A., and Yan, L. (2020). Hyaluronic Acid Fuels Pancreatic Cancer Growth. BioRxiv.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.09.14.293803"},{"key":"ref_218","first-page":"89","article-title":"Subcutaneous Trastuzumab: Development of a New Formulation for Treatment of HER2-Positive Early Breast Cancer","volume":"6","author":"Hamizi","year":"2013","journal-title":"OncoTargets Ther."},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4149","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-18-3060","article-title":"Remodeling the Tumor Microenvironment Sensitizes Breast Tumors to Anti-Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Immunotherapy","volume":"79","author":"Clift","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1097\/00029330-200802020-00009","article-title":"Serum Hyaluronan Levels in Oral Cancer Patients","volume":"121","author":"Xing","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chin. Med. J. (Engl.)"},{"key":"ref_221","first-page":"150","article-title":"The Role and Regulation of Tumour-Associated Hyaluronan","volume":"143","author":"Knudson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ciba Found. Symp."},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.10652","article-title":"Bladder Tumor Markers for Monitoring Recurrence and Screening Comparison of Hyaluronic Acid-Hyaluronidase and BTA-Stat Tests","volume":"95","author":"Lokeshwar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910460309","article-title":"Serum Hyaluronan (Hyaluronic Acid) in Breast Cancer Patients","volume":"46","author":"Delpech","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.11252","article-title":"Expression of Tumor Markers Hyaluronic Acid and Hyaluronidase (HYAL1) in Head and Neck Tumors","volume":"106","author":"Franzmann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3148","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.14859","article-title":"Colorectal Cancer-Associated ~6 KDa Hyaluronan Serves as a Novel Biomarker for Cancer Progression and Metastasis","volume":"286","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910520102","article-title":"Hyaluronan (Hyaluronic Acid) and Hyaluronectin in the Extracellular Matrix of Human Breast Carcinomas: Comparison between Invasive and Non-Invasive Areas","volume":"52","author":"Bertrand","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.27707","article-title":"Increased Hyaluronan Content and Stromal Cell CD44 Associate with HER2 Positivity and Poor Prognosis in Human Breast Cancer","volume":"132","author":"Auvinen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_228","first-page":"150","article-title":"High Levels of Stromal Hyaluronan Predict Poor Disease Outcome in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer","volume":"60","author":"Anttila","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2014.00104","article-title":"The Role of the Tumor Stroma in Ovarian Cancer","volume":"4","author":"Davidson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1590\/1414-431x20144300","article-title":"Tissue Hyaluronan Expression, as Reflected in the Sputum of Lung Cancer Patients, Is an Indicator of Malignancy","volume":"48","author":"Rangel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res."},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-8049(05)80214-X","article-title":"Hyaluronan and Hyaluronectin in the Extracellular Matrix of Human Brain Tumour Stroma","volume":"29","author":"Delpech","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.06.005","article-title":"Prostate Cancer Increases Hyaluronan in Surrounding Nonmalignant Stroma, and This Response Is Associated with Tumor Growth and an Unfavorable Outcome","volume":"179","author":"Josefsson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-013-2804-7","article-title":"Hyaluronan Synthases (HAS1-3) in Stromal and Malignant Cells Correlate with Breast Cancer Grade and Predict Patient Survival","volume":"143","author":"Auvinen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6690180","article-title":"Hyaluronan Expression in Gastric Cancer Cells Is Associated with Local and Nodal Spread and Reduced Survival Rate","volume":"79","author":"Tammi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_235","first-page":"342","article-title":"Tumor Cell-Associated Hyaluronan as an Unfavorable Prognostic Factor in Colorectal Cancer","volume":"58","author":"Ropponen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1391","article-title":"Hyaluronan: From Extracellular Glue to Pericellular Cue","volume":"4","author":"Toole","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kriangkum, J., Warkentin, A., Warkinton, A., Belch, A.R., and Pilarski, L.M. (2013). Alteration of Introns in a Hyaluronan Synthase 1 (HAS1) Minigene Convert Pre-MRNA Splicing to the Aberrant Pattern in Multiple Myeloma (MM): MM Patients Harbor Similar Changes. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/annotation\/9984da27-0e7f-4c7f-bcd3-bef1a4c0be87"},{"key":"ref_238","first-page":"431","article-title":"Enrichment of CD44 in Basal-Type Breast Cancer Correlates with EMT, Cancer Stem Cell Gene Profile, and Prognosis","volume":"9","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"OncoTargets Ther."},{"key":"ref_239","first-page":"1381","article-title":"Expression of CD44 in Human Lung Tumors","volume":"54","author":"Penno","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.30","article-title":"Identification of Gastric Cancer Stem Cells Using the Cell Surface Marker CD44","volume":"27","author":"Takaishi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dayt. Ohio"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/1\/103\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:45:34Z","timestamp":1760147134000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/1\/103"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]]},"references-count":240,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms24010103"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24010103","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]]}}}