{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T23:46:27Z","timestamp":1773445587529,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]],"date-time":"2022-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science and Technology Council","award":["NSTC111-2313-B-A49-002-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC111-2313-B-A49-002-"]}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Council","award":["CORPG2M0071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CORPG2M0071"]}]},{"name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","award":["NSTC111-2313-B-A49-002-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC111-2313-B-A49-002-"]}]},{"name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","award":["CORPG2M0071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CORPG2M0071"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lipid metabolism dysfunction is related to clinical disorders including obesity, cancer, liver steatosis, and cardiomyopathy. Impaired lipolytic enzymes result in altered release of free fatty acids. The dramatic change in dyslipidemia is important in lipotoxic cardiomyopathy. Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) catalyzes the lipolysis of triacylglycerol to reduce intramyocardial triglyceride levels in the heart and improve myocardial function. We examined the role of ATGL in metabolic cardiomyopathy by developing an Atgl knockout (ALKO) zebrafish model of metabolic cardiomyopathy disease by continuously expressing CRISPR\/Cas9 protein and atgl gene guide RNAs (gRNAs). The expressed Cas9 protein bound to four gRNAs targeting the atgl gene locus, facilitating systemic gene KO. Ablation of Atgl interfered with lipid metabolism, which induced hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia. ALKO adults and embryos displayed hypertrophic hearts. ALKO presented a typical dilated cardiomyopathy profile with a remarkable reduction in four sarcomere genes (myosin heavy chain 7-like, actin alpha cardiac muscle 1b, myosin binding protein C3, and troponin T type 2a) and two Ca2+ handling regulator genes (tropomyosin 4b and ATPase sarcoplasmic\/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transporting 2b). Immune cell infiltration in cardiac tissue of ALKO provided direct evidence of advanced metabolic cardiomyopathy. The presently described model could become a powerful tool to clarify the underlying mechanism between metabolic disorders and cardiomyopathies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24010117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]],"date-time":"2022-12-22T01:33:12Z","timestamp":1671672792000},"page":"117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Deficiency of Adipose Triglyceride Lipase Induces Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiomyopathy in Zebrafish"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Hsin-Hung","family":"Lai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kun-Yun","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hung-Ming","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5478-3878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guor Mour","family":"Her","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192575","article-title":"Cardiovascular evaluation and management of severely obese patients undergoing surgery: A science advisory from the American Heart Association","volume":"120","author":"Poirier","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2015.12.003","article-title":"Update on Obesity and Obesity Paradox in Heart Failure","volume":"58","author":"Lavie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog. 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