{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T10:40:40Z","timestamp":1762080040893,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]],"date-time":"2022-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["R01HD069238","R01NS97846","R01NS097846-02S1","R01NS092876","OPP1119489","SHC-85400","420491-04400-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD069238","R01NS97846","R01NS097846-02S1","R01NS092876","OPP1119489","SHC-85400","420491-04400-02"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HD069238","R01NS97846","R01NS097846-02S1","R01NS092876","OPP1119489","SHC-85400","420491-04400-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD069238","R01NS97846","R01NS097846-02S1","R01NS092876","OPP1119489","SHC-85400","420491-04400-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011781","name":"Shriners","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HD069238","R01NS97846","R01NS097846-02S1","R01NS092876","OPP1119489","SHC-85400","420491-04400-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD069238","R01NS97846","R01NS097846-02S1","R01NS092876","OPP1119489","SHC-85400","420491-04400-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"USA Pennsylvania Department of Health","award":["R01HD069238","R01NS97846","R01NS097846-02S1","R01NS092876","OPP1119489","SHC-85400","420491-04400-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD069238","R01NS97846","R01NS097846-02S1","R01NS092876","OPP1119489","SHC-85400","420491-04400-02"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Prenatal alcohol exposure can cause developmental abnormalities (fetal alcohol spectrum disorders; FASD), including small eyes, face and brain, and neurobehavioral deficits. These cannot be detected early in pregnancy with available imaging techniques. Early diagnosis could facilitate development of therapeutic interventions. Banked human fetal brains and eyes at 9\u201322 weeks\u2019 gestation were paired with maternal blood samples, analyzed for morphometry, protein, and RNA expression, and apoptotic signaling. Alcohol (EtOH)-exposed (maternal self-report) fetuses were compared with unexposed controls matched for fetal age, sex, and maternal race. Fetal brain-derived exosomes (FB-E) were isolated from maternal blood and analyzed for protein, RNA, and apoptotic markers. EtOH use by mothers, assessed by self-report, was associated with reduced fetal eye diameter, brain size, and markers of synaptogenesis. Brain caspase-3 activity was increased. The reduction in eye and brain sizes were highly correlated with amount of EtOH intake and caspase-3 activity. Levels of several biomarkers in FB-E, most strikingly myelin basic protein (MBP; r &gt; 0.9), correlated highly with morphological abnormalities. Reduction in FB-E MBP levels was highly correlated with EtOH exposure (p &lt; 1.0 \u00d7 10\u221210). Although the morphological features of FAS appear long before they can be detected by live imaging, FB-E in the mother\u2019s blood may contain markers, particularly MBP, that predict FASD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24010135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]],"date-time":"2022-12-22T01:33:12Z","timestamp":1671672792000},"page":"135","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Molecular Markers in Maternal Blood Exosomes Allow Early Detection of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Nune","family":"Darbinian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation (Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, 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Research Center), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahsun","family":"Bajwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation (Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8571-1260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Martirosyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation (Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alina K.","family":"Gawlinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation (Shriners 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