{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T03:57:21Z","timestamp":1773633441118,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]],"date-time":"2022-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation","award":["075-15-2022-318"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["075-15-2022-318"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Carbonyl stress occurs when reactive carbonyl compounds (RCC), such as reducing sugars, dicarbonyls etc., accumulate in the organism. The interaction of RCC carbonyl groups with amino groups of molecules is called the Maillard reaction. One of the most active RCCs is \u03b1-dicarbonyl methylglyoxal (MG) that modifies biomolecules forming non-enzymatic glycation products. Organic free radicals are formed in the reaction between MG and lysine or N\u03b1-acetyllysine. S-nitrosothiols and nitric oxide (\u2022NO) donor PAPA NONOate increased the yield of organic free radical intermediates, while other \u2022NO-derived metabolites, namely, nitroxyl anion and dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNICs) decreased it. At the late stages of the Maillard reaction, S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) also inhibited the formation of glycation end products (AGEs). The formation of a new type of DNICs, bound with Maillard reaction products, was found. The results obtained were used to explain the glycation features of legume hemoglobin\u2014leghemoglobin (Lb), which is a lysine-rich protein. In Lb, lysine residues can form fluorescent cross-linked AGEs, and \u2022NO-derived metabolites slow down their formation. The knowledge of these processes can be used to increase the stability of Lb. It can help in better understanding the impact of stress factors on legume plants and contribute to the production of recombinant Lb for biotechnology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24010168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]],"date-time":"2022-12-22T02:31:11Z","timestamp":1671676271000},"page":"168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Role of Nitric Oxide-Derived Metabolites in Reactions of Methylglyoxal with Lysine and Lysine-Rich Protein Leghemoglobin"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Konstantin B.","family":"Shumaev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"E.I. Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olga V.","family":"Kosmachevskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elvira I.","family":"Nasybullina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enno K.","family":"Ruuge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"E.I. Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6625-7373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexey F.","family":"Topunov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s00344-020-10294-y","article-title":"Reactive oxygen, nitrogen, carbonyl and sulfur species and their roles in plant abiotic stress responses and tolerance","volume":"41","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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