{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T05:47:50Z","timestamp":1766382470076,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]],"date-time":"2022-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico\u2014Brasil (CNPq)","award":["141235\/2018-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["141235\/2018-7"]}]},{"name":"Departement d\u2019Alimentation Humaine of Inrae, Paris, France","award":["141235\/2018-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["141235\/2018-7"]}]},{"name":"French R\u00e9gion Pays de la Loire, the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER)","award":["141235\/2018-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["141235\/2018-7"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To investigate if the artificial delivery of microRNAs naturally present in the breastmilk can impact the gut and brain of young rats according to weaning. Animals from a new transgenic rat line expressing the green-fluorescent protein in the endocrine lineage (cholecystokinin expressing cells) received a single oral bolus of miR-320-3p or miR-375-3p embedded in DiOleyl-Succinyl-Paromomycin (DOSP) on D-12. The pups were weaned early (D-15), or regularly (D-30). The expression of relevant miRNA, mRNAs, chromatin complexes, and duodenal cell density were assessed at 8 h post-inoculation and on D-45. The miR-320-3p\/DOSP induced immediate effects on H3K4me3 chromatin complexes with polr3d promoter (p &lt; 0.05). On regular weaning, on D-45, miR-320-3p and 375-3p were found to be downregulated in the stomach and upregulated in the hypothalamus (p &lt; 0.001), whereas miR-320-3p was upregulated in the duodenum. After early weaning, miR-320-3p and miR-375-3p were downregulated in the stomach and the duodenum, but upregulated in the hypothalamus and the hippocampus. Combination of miR-320-3p\/DOSP with early weaning enhanced miR-320-3p and chromogranin A expression in the duodenum. In the female brain stem, miR-320-3p, miR-504, and miR-16-5p levels were all upregulated. Investigating the oral miRNA-320-3p loads in the duodenal cell lineage paved the way for designing new therapeutics to avoid unexpected long-term impacts on the brain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24010191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T02:09:03Z","timestamp":1671761343000},"page":"191","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Oral Delivery of miR-320-3p with Lipidic Aminoglycoside Derivatives at Mid-Lactation Alters miR-320-3p Endogenous Levels in the Gut and Brain of Adult Rats According to Early or Regular Weaning"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0255-1725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel Araujo","family":"Tavares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nantes Universit\u00e9, INRAE, UMR 1280, PhAN, F-44000 Nantes, France"},{"name":"Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Behavior, Graduate Program of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 56070-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amada","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nantes Universit\u00e9, INRAE, UMR 1280, PhAN, F-44000 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1512-7632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gwenola","family":"Le Drean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nantes Universit\u00e9, INRAE, UMR 1280, PhAN, F-44000 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ma\u00efwenn","family":"Queignec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nantes Universit\u00e9, INRAE, UMR 1280, PhAN, F-44000 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Blandine","family":"Castellano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nantes Universit\u00e9, INRAE, UMR 1280, PhAN, F-44000 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Tesson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Platform Rat Transgenesis ImmunoPhenomic, INSERM UMR 1064-CRTI, SFR Fran\u00e7ois Bonamy, CNRS UMS3556, F-44093 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5241-880X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00e9verine","family":"Remy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Platform Rat Transgenesis ImmunoPhenomic, INSERM UMR 1064-CRTI, SFR Fran\u00e7ois Bonamy, CNRS UMS3556, F-44093 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Anegon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Platform Rat Transgenesis ImmunoPhenomic, INSERM UMR 1064-CRTI, SFR Fran\u00e7ois Bonamy, CNRS UMS3556, F-44093 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Pitard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nantes Universit\u00e9, Univ Angers, INSERM, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in Immunotherapy, INCIT UMR1302\/EMR6001, F-44000 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2459-5072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bertrand","family":"Kaeffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nantes Universit\u00e9, INRAE, UMR 1280, PhAN, F-44000 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.24211","article-title":"Epigenetic programming by early-life stress: Evidence from human populations","volume":"244","author":"Vaiserman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dev. 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