{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T14:01:06Z","timestamp":1770991266183,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["81902007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81902007"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["82272243"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82272243"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["82002027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82002027"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["81801943"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81801943"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["19JCQNJC10000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19JCQNJC10000"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2019BWKY012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019BWKY012"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City","award":["81902007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81902007"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City","award":["82272243"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82272243"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City","award":["82002027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82002027"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City","award":["81801943"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81801943"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City","award":["19JCQNJC10000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19JCQNJC10000"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City","award":["2019BWKY012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019BWKY012"]}]},{"name":"Binhai New District Health Commission Science Foundation of Tianjin","award":["81902007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81902007"]}]},{"name":"Binhai New District Health Commission Science Foundation of Tianjin","award":["82272243"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82272243"]}]},{"name":"Binhai New District Health Commission Science Foundation of Tianjin","award":["82002027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82002027"]}]},{"name":"Binhai New District Health Commission Science Foundation of Tianjin","award":["81801943"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81801943"]}]},{"name":"Binhai New District Health Commission Science Foundation of Tianjin","award":["19JCQNJC10000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19JCQNJC10000"]}]},{"name":"Binhai New District Health Commission Science Foundation of Tianjin","award":["2019BWKY012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019BWKY012"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) play a role in chemically induced acute lung injury (CALI). However, the mechanisms that induce alveolar epithelial type 2 cells (AEC2s) to proliferate, exit the cell cycle, and transdifferentiate into alveolar epithelial type 1 cells (AEC1s) are unclear. Here, we investigated the epithelial cell types and states in a phosgene-induced CALI rat model. Single-cell RNA-sequencing of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples from phosgene-induced CALI rat models (Gas) and normal controls (NC) was performed. From the NC and Gas BALF samples, 37,245 and 29,853 high-quality cells were extracted, respectively. All cell types and states were identified and divided into 23 clusters; three cell types were identified: macrophages, epithelial cells, and macrophage proliferating cells. From NC and Gas samples, 1315 and 1756 epithelial cells were extracted, respectively, and divided into 11 clusters. The number of AEC1s decreased considerably following phosgene inhalation. A unique SOX9-positive AEC2 cell type that expanded considerably in the CALI state was identified. This progenitor cell type may develop into alveolar cells, indicating its stem cell differentiation potential. We present a single-cell genome-scale transcription map that can help uncover disease-associated cytologic signatures for understanding biological changes and regeneration of lung tissues during CALI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24010277","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]],"date-time":"2022-12-27T04:35:43Z","timestamp":1672115743000},"page":"277","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing Reveals Epithelial Cell Signature of Multiple Subtypes in Chemically Induced Acute Lung Injury"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Chao","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Emergency and Critical Medicine in Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China"},{"name":"Research Center for Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Shanghai 201508, China"},{"name":"Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200120, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Obulkasim","family":"Memete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Emergency and Critical Medicine in Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China"},{"name":"Research Center for Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Shanghai 201508, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiru","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Emergency and Critical Medicine in Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China"},{"name":"Research Center for Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Shanghai 201508, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Emergency and Critical Medicine in Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China"},{"name":"Research Center for Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Shanghai 201508, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fuli","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Emergency and Critical Medicine in Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China"},{"name":"Research Center for Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Shanghai 201508, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Dun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Emergency and Critical Medicine in Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China"},{"name":"Research Center for Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Shanghai 201508, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daikun","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Emergency and Critical Medicine in Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China"},{"name":"Research Center for Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Shanghai 201508, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200120, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Shanghai 200032, China"},{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5723-6186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Emergency and Critical Medicine in Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China"},{"name":"Research Center for Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Shanghai 201508, China"},{"name":"Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200120, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-7241-21-31","article-title":"Inhalation injury: Epidemiology, pathology, treatment strategies","volume":"21","author":"Dries","year":"2013","journal-title":"Scand. 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