{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T15:39:15Z","timestamp":1791905955876,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,26]],"date-time":"2022-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and Technology of Jilin Province-Natural Science Fund","award":["20220402069GH"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20220402069GH"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Circadian rhythms regulate the body\u2019s homeostasis through the temporal control of tissue-specific circadian rhythm control genes. Circadian rhythm disorders (CRD) affect the expression levels of circadian rhythms-associated genes in brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like-1(BMAL1), which is thought to contribute to metabolic disorders and an altered immune system. However, the relationship between CRD and the development of periodontitis was poorly reported. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role played by BMAL1 in periodontitis. We used a modified multi-platform approach (MMPM) to induce circadian rhythm disturbances in rats to investigate the role of BMAL1 in periodontitis. Our results showed significant downregulation of BMAL1 in the CRD with periodontitis group, significant resorption of alveolar bone, increased osteoclast differentiation, and upregulation of the inflammatory signaling molecule NF-\u03baB. In addition, apoptosis and oxidative stress levels were increased in periodontal tissues. Collectively, our study suggests that BMAL1 is a key regulator in periodontitis exacerbated by CRD and that CRD may lead to the downregulation of BMAL1, thereby exacerbating oxidative stress and apoptosis in periodontal tissues. Our study found that BMAL1 may be associated with the progression of periodontitis and provides a new perspective on the treatment of periodontitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24010374","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]],"date-time":"2022-12-27T04:42:47Z","timestamp":1672116167000},"page":"374","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Circadian Rhythm Disorders Aggravate Periodontitis by Modulating BMAL1"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Xiaomeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niuben","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinchan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Implantology, School of Dentistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Xin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruobing","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xirui","family":"Xin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9575-6940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yubo","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2401-2845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weixian","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China"},{"name":"Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun 130021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2011.05.003","article-title":"Cell autonomy and synchrony of suprachiasmatic nucleus circadian oscillators","volume":"34","author":"Mohawk","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1195027","article-title":"Circadian integration of metabolism and energetics","volume":"330","author":"Bass","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00423","article-title":"Circadian Clock Genes in the Metabolism of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","volume":"10","author":"Shi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. 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