{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:14:46Z","timestamp":1791918886056,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":159,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]],"date-time":"2022-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education, Science, Research, and Sport of the Slovak Republic and Slovak Academy of Sciences (VEGA)","award":["2\/0069\/22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2\/0069\/22"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education, Science, Research, and Sport of the Slovak Republic and Slovak Academy of Sciences (VEGA)","award":["2\/0036\/19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2\/0036\/19"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>DNA methylation represents a crucial mechanism of epigenetic regulation in hematologic malignancies. The methylation process is controlled by specific DNA methyl transferases and other regulators, which are often affected by genetic alterations. Global hypomethylation and hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes are associated with hematologic cancer development and progression. Several epi-drugs have been successfully implicated in the treatment of hematologic malignancies, including the hypomethylating agents (HMAs) decitabine and azacytidine. However, combinations with other treatment modalities and the discovery of new molecules are still the subject of research to increase sensitivity to anti-cancer therapies and improve patient outcomes. In this review, we summarized the main functions of DNA methylation regulators and genetic events leading to changes in methylation landscapes. We provide current knowledge about target genes with aberrant methylation levels in leukemias, myelodysplastic syndromes, and malignant lymphomas. Moreover, we provide an overview of the clinical trials, focused mainly on the combined therapy of HMAs with other treatments and its impact on adverse events, treatment efficacy, and survival rates among hematologic cancer patients. In the era of precision medicine, a transition from genes to their regulation opens up the possibility of an epigenetic-based approach as a diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic tool.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24010633","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]],"date-time":"2022-12-30T03:31:17Z","timestamp":1672371077000},"page":"633","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Targeting DNA Methylation in Leukemia, Myelodysplastic Syndrome, and Lymphoma: A Potential Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Tool"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Lenka","family":"Kalinkova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aneta","family":"Sevcikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viola","family":"Stevurkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7581-1770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivana","family":"Fridrichova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8139-6945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sona","family":"Ciernikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.02.006","article-title":"Epigenetics: A landscape takes shape","volume":"128","author":"Goldberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeng, Y., and Chen, T. 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