{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:51:14Z","timestamp":1785372674186,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]],"date-time":"2022-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) is a common dementia disease in the elderly. To get a better understanding of the pathophysiology, we performed a proteomic analysis of the urine exosomes (U-exo) in AD model mice (J20). The polymer precipitation method was used to isolate U-exo from the urine of 3-month-old J20 and wild-type (WT) mice. Neuron-derived exosome (N-exo) was isolated from U-exo by immunoprecipitation. iTRAQ-based MALDI TOF MS\/MS was used for proteomic analysis. The results showed that compared to WT, the levels of 61 and 92 proteins were increased in the J20 U-exo and N-exo, respectively. Gene ontology enrichment analysis demonstrated that the sphingolipid catabolic process, ceramide catabolic process, membrane lipid catabolic process, A\u03b2 clearance, and A\u03b2 metabolic process were highly enriched in U-exo and N-exo. Among these, Asah1 was shown to be the key protein in lipid metabolism, and clusterin, ApoE, neprilysin, and ACE were related to A\u03b2 metabolism and clearance. Furthermore, protein\u2013protein interaction analysis identified four protein complexes where clusterin and ApoE participated as partner proteins. Thus, J20 U-exo and N-exo contain proteins related to lipid- and A\u03b2-metabolism in the early stages of AD, providing a new insight into the underlying pathological mechanism of early AD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24010672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]],"date-time":"2023-01-02T04:07:09Z","timestamp":1672632429000},"page":"672","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["iTRAQ-Based Proteomic Analysis of APP Transgenic Mouse Urine Exosomes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Xiaojing","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1221-7787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdullah Md.","family":"Sheikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken-ichi","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosignaling and Radioisotope Experiment, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Organization for Research, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shingo","family":"Mitaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0464-8125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abu Zaffar","family":"Shibly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuchi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Garu","family":"A","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9210-2949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shozo","family":"Yano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9280-8044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atsushi","family":"Nagai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X18666200528142429","article-title":"Recent advancements in pathogenesis, diagnostics and treatment of alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"18","author":"Khan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. 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